辽宁省尘肺病患者死亡情况调查

Investigation on mortality of pneumoconiosis patients in Liaoning Province

目的分析辽宁省29932例尘肺病患者死亡情况,为今后尘肺病防治工作提供参考。方法以辽宁省截至2022年底报告的死亡尘肺病患者为调查对象,以死亡年龄、病程、接尘工龄、根本死因作为指标,分析不同性别、不同年代、不同尘肺类型和不同期别上述指标的差异。结果29932例死亡患者中,男女性别比为20.8∶1,首诊时间多集中在1980—1999年,累计占比50.2%;尘肺病种类以矽肺为主,占84.5%;终末诊断期别以壹期为主,占68.9%。男性患者的死亡年龄低、病程短、接尘工龄长;1950—1959年首诊的患者死亡年龄最低,随着年代的发展,病程基本逐渐延长;接尘工龄以1990—1999年诊断的患者最长,平均23.2年;矽肺患者死亡年龄最低,病程和接尘工龄最短;终末期别越高,死亡年龄越低,病程和接尘工龄越短。尘肺病和心脑血管疾病是导致辽宁省职业性尘肺病患者死亡的主要死因。结论辽宁省应继续加强对粉尘危害严重行业和地区的监管,在积极治疗尘肺病的同时,重视对心脑血管疾病、肺部感染、恶性肿瘤的治疗,可延长患者生存时间,改善生活质量。

Objective To analyse the characteristic of 29932 pneumoconiosis dead cases in Liaoning Province,and provide scientific basis for formulating tertiary prevention policy.Mothods The dead cases of pneumoconiosis patients reported up to the end of 2022in Liaoning Province were enrolled as respondents.The death age,the cause of death,the length of service and the underlying causes of death were taken as the indexes to analyse the differences between different sexes,decades,types of pneumoconiosis and last stages.Results Among the 29932 dead patients,a male/female ratio was 20.8∶1.The first visit time was mostly concentrated from1980 to 1999,accounting for 50.2%.The main type of pneumoconiosis was silicosis,accounting for 84.5%.The last stage was mainly stage I,accounting for 68.9%.Compared with female patients,the death age of male patients was lower,the course of disease was shorter,and the length of dust exposure was longer.The age of death of patients whose first visit time were from 1950 to 1959 was the lowest,and the course of disease gradually extended with the development of the times.The length of service was the longest in patients diagnosed from 1990 to 1999,with an average of 23.2 years.The death age of silicosis patients was the lowest,and the course of disease and the length of service were the shortest.The higher the last stage,the lower the age of death,the shorter the course of disease and the length of service.Pneumoconiosis and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the main causes of death in patients with occupational pneumoconiosis in Liaoning Province.Conclusion The government of Liaoning Province should continue to strengthen the supervision of industries and regions with serious dust hazards.While actively treating pneumoconiosis,attention should be paid to the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,lung infections and malignant tumors,which can prolong the survival time of patients and improve the quality of life.