大学生艾滋病检测意愿和检测行为现状及其影响因素分析

Status of HIV/AIDS testing related willingness and behavior and their influencing factors among college students

目的了解我国大学生的艾滋病检测意愿和检测行为现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用分层单纯随机抽样法,于2022年12月—2023年4月在全国大学生中进行电子问卷调查,采用描述性分析、卡方检验、t检验和二元Logistic回归分析艾滋病检测意愿和检测行为现状及其影响因素。结果4451个有效样本纳入分析。大学生有较高的艾滋病检测意愿(77.1%),但检测率仅为6.8%。多因素分析结果显示,女生(OR=1.521,95%CI:1.305~1.772)、有性行为(OR=1.454,95%CI:1.193~1.772)和艾滋病相关知识得分高(OR=1.144,95%CI:1.115~1.173)的大学生艾滋病检测意愿更高,大学前居住在农村地区(OR=0.846,95%CI:0.728~0.983)、大学三年级(OR=0.736,95%CI:0.596~0.909)、大学四年级(OR=0.701,95%CI:0.547~0.900)大学生的艾滋病检测意愿更低;西部地区(OR=1.569,95%CI:1.133~2.171)、有性行为(OR=3.199,95%CI:2.465~4.153)大学生的艾滋病检测率更高,东北部地区(OR=0.269,95%CI:0.084~0.862)、普通院校(OR=0.589,95%CI:0.444~0.779)、专科院校(OR=0.481,95%CI:0.267~0.866)大学生的艾滋病检测率更低。结论我国大学生艾滋病检测意愿较高但检测率低,应在校园加强对重点学生群体的艾滋病健康教育,完善校内艾滋病检测服务,探索“互联网+”自检模式,进而提高大学生高危行为后的艾滋病的检测意愿和实际检测率。

Objective To investigate the status of HIV/AIDS testing related willingness and behavior among college students,and to analyze their influencing factors.Methods A stratified simple random sampling method was used to conduct an electronic questionnaire survey among college students across our country from December 2022 to April 2023.Descriptive analysis,chi-square test,t-test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the current status of willingness and behavior and their influencing factors.Results A total of 4451 valid samples were included in the analysis.The students had high willingness to take HIV/AIDS testing(77.1%),but the actual testing rate was only 6.8%.The results of multivariate analysis showed that the students who was girl(OR=1.521,95%CI:1.305-1.772),or had sexual behavior(OR=1.454,95%CI:1.193-1.772),or had higher HIV-related knowledge scores(OR=1.144,95%CI:1.115-1.173)had higher willingness to take testing.However,the students who lived in rural areas before entering college(OR=0.846,95%CI:0.728-0.983),or who was in Grade 3rd(OR=0.736,95%CI:0.596-0.909)or Grade 4th(OR=0.701,95%CI:0.547-0.900)had lower willingness to take testing.For actual testing behavior,students studied in western region(OR=1.569,95%CI:1.133-2.171),and those who had sexual behavior(OR=3.199,95%CI:2.465-4.153)were positive associated with testing behavior rate.The students who studied in northeastern region(OR=0.269,95%CI:0.084-0.862),or regular colleges(OR=0.589,95%CI:0.444-0.779)or junior colleges(OR=0.481,95%CI:0.267-0.866)had lower rate of HIV testing.Conclusion Among college students,the willingness of HIV/AIDS testing is high while the actual testing rate is low.It is necessary to strengthen HIV/AIDS health education on key students populations in campus.It is suggested to improve on-campus HIV/AIDS testing services and explore the“Internet+”self-testing model in order to increase the willingness and actual testing rate of HIV/AIDS among students with high-risk behaviors related to HIV/AIDS.