周代青铜乐钟制度与族属身份判定——以固始侯古堆一号墓为例

The Bronze Musical Bell System and Identif ication of Ethnicity in the Zhou Dynasty——The Case of Hougudui Tomb No.1 at Gushi

河南固始侯古堆一号墓出土的青铜乐钟包括9件钮钟和8件镈钟,乐钟的陈设整体上采用了90度的折曲摆放形式,镈钟则采用了“6+2”的分置模式。侯古堆一号墓出土的乐钟在音乐性能上同于淅川下寺十号墓等楚墓。这种特殊的乐钟组合、陈设形式及音列结构皆表明侯古堆一号墓采用的是典型的楚国乐钟制度,墓主深谙并恪守楚国礼制,所以该墓应为楚墓而非吴墓。同时结合对乐钟铭文的考察,推测其墓主或为楚国番县贵族。

The chimed musical bells unearthed from Hougudui Tomb No.1 in Gushi, Henan Province include 8 bobells and 9 niu-bells. The display of the chimed musical bells adopts a 90-degree bending arrangement as a whole,while the bo-bells adopt a “6+2” separation mode. The chimed musical bells unearthed from Hougudui Tomb No.1 have the same musical performance as Chu tombs such as Xiasi Tomb No.10 in Xichuan. This special combination of chimed musical bells, display form and sound arrangement structure all indicate that the Hougudui Tomb No.1 adopts the typical System of Chimed Musical Bells of the Chu State, the tomb owner understands and abides by the Ritual System of Chu State, so it should be the tomb of Chu rather than Wu. At the same time, combined with the investigation of the inscription of the chimed musical bells, we get the understanding that the owner of Hougudui Tomb No.1 is an aristocrat in Pan County of Chu State.