2019冠状病毒病感染流行期分泌性中耳炎患病人口统计学特征分析

Demographic characteristics of patients with otitis media with effusion during the COVID-19 epidemic

目的 评估2019冠状病毒病(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)感染流行期分泌性中耳炎患病年龄构成比的变化特征。方法 回顾性分析2018年12月1日~2019年1月31日在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科就诊的符合诊断与排除标准的分泌性中耳炎病例,称为新冠前组;2022年12月1日~2023年1月31日在该科就诊的符合诊断与排除标准的分泌性中耳炎病例,称为新冠期组。收集患者年龄、性别、发病侧别和听力学检测结果等。并将这两个时期纳入本研究的分泌性中耳炎患者总数、年龄构成比、性别构成比、患病侧别比和听力学检测结果等数据进行统计学分析。结果 新冠前组的患者总人数为1 872例,年龄(30.45±23.17)岁,男性949例,女性923例,其中儿童患者910例,成年患者962例。新冠期组患者总人数1 194例,年龄(48.31±18.92)岁,男性623例,女性571例,其中儿童患者95例,成年患者1 099例。新冠前组与新冠期组之间,总体患病年龄分布不同(Z=-20.820,P<0.001)。儿童患者与成年患者的构成比具有显著性差异(χ2=546.838,P <0.001),儿童患病比率显著减少,成年人患病比率显著增加。新冠期组与新冠前组相比,在儿童组7~18岁年龄段的患病比例明显减少(Z=-5.641,P<0.001),在成年人组46~75岁年龄组的患病比例明显增加(Z=-3.134,P=0.002)。新冠期组与新冠前期组相比成年患者中男性患者增多,具有显著性差异(χ2=5.15,P=0.023)。患病侧别构成比、平均骨气导差值两组之间无显著性差异。结论 新型冠状病毒疫情流行期与疫情之前相比,分泌性中耳炎的患病群体年龄构成比明显改变,儿童所占比例显著降低,成年人所占比例显著增高。

OBJECTIVE To assess changes in the demographic characteristics of patients with otitis media with effusion during the COVID-19 epidemic.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed cases of otitis media with effusion in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Beijing Tongren Hospital.The cases were divided into two groups:a pre-Covid-19 group(from December 1,2018,to January 31,2019),and a Covid-19 group(from December 1,2022,to January 31,2023).Patient demographics including age,sex,ear side and audiology results were collected.Additionally,age composition ratio,sex composition ratio,disease-side ratio,and audiological results were analyzed.RESULTS A total of 1 872 patients were included in the pre-COVID group,with an average age of(30.45±23.17)years(949 males and 923 females).Among them,910 were children and 962 were adults.The Covid-19 group included 1 194 patients,with an average age of(48.31±18.92)years(623 males and 571 females).Among them,95 were children and 1 099 were adults.Statistical analysis of the data revealed that the overall age distribution of the disease was different between the two groups(Z=-20.820,P<0.001).There was a significant difference in the composition ratio of children to adults(χ2=546.838,P <0.001),with a significant decrease and increase in the prevalence rate of otitis media with effusion in children and adults,respectively,in the COVID-19 group.Compared to the preCOVID-19 group,the proportion of cases in the age group of 7-18 years was significantly reduced in the children's group(Z=-5.641,P <0.001),and the proportion of prevalence increased significantly in the adult group aged 46-75 years(Z =-3.134,P =0.002).Additionally,there was a significant increase in the number of male patients in the Covid-19 group(χ2=5.15,P=0.023) when compared to the pre-COVID-19 group.CONCLUSION Compared to the pre-Covid-19 period,a significant change in the age distribution of otitis media with effusion was observed during the COVID-19 epidemic,with a significant decrease in the proportion of children and a signification increase in the proportion of adults.