面向复杂介质的地震散射波采集技术

Scattered wave seismic acquisition technology for complex media

地震勘探是一项以地震采集技术为基础的系统工程。变革地震采集技术既是采集装备升级、波场理论创新的发力点,也是解决地震处理、解释技术问题的源头。地震勘探发展历程体现了采集装备能力提升、地质需求驱动、波场理论拉动的作用,其中,地震采集技术既充满活力,也面临着深刻的挑战。面对小尺度、非层状、非均匀介质成像问题,以及大数据与人工智能高速发展的时代背景,以共中心点叠加为特征,采用稀疏、规则、单一观测系统的反射波地震采集技术越来越显示出不适应性,为适应小尺度、非层状、隐蔽性目标成像要求,以共中心点离散化为特征,采用随机、遍历性、多观测系统的散射波地震采集技术势在必行。作为散射波地震采集技术的理论基础,随机理论及概率波的研究逐渐得到重视。

Seismic exploration is a system engineering based on seismic acquisition technology.The transformation of seismic acquisition technology is not only the starting point of equipment upgrading and theoretical innovation,but also the source for solving technical problems in seismic processing and interpretation.The development history of seismic exploration reflects the driving role of equipment capacity improvement,geological study demand,and progress of wave field theory.Among them,seismic acquisition technology is full of vitality and faces great challenges.Given the rapid development of big data and artificial intelligence,the reflection wave seismic acquisition technology,characterized by CMP stack and using sparse,regular,and single observation system,is increasingly unadaptable for imaging of small-scale,non-layered and non-uniform media.Meanwhile,the application of scattered wave seismic acquisition technology characterized by CMP discretization and using stochastic,ergological,and multi-observation system is imperative,so as to meet the imaging requirements of small-scale,non-layered,and subtle targets.Similarly,as the theoretical basis of scattered wave seismic acquisition technology,the study on stochastic theory and probability wave theory is gradually emphasized.