2023年全国主要林业有害生物发生情况及2024年趋势预测

Occurrence of major forest pests in China in 2023 and prediction for trend in 2024

总结分析2023年全国主要林业有害生物发生情况,研判2024年发生趋势。2023年全国主要林业有害生物持续高发态势趋缓,但仍属偏重发生、局部成灾,全年发生面积1092.30万hm^(2),同比下降7.98%;松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus等重大外来有害生物扩散势头减缓,但危害程度依然严重;林业鼠(兔)害、钻蛀类害虫、松树病害等在“三北”、华南、西南等多地危害严重;食叶害虫、经济林病虫等其他本土常发性林业有害生物整体平稳发生、局部偏重。预测2024年全国主要林业有害生物整体仍偏重发生、局地成灾,全年发生面积1150万hm^(2);松材线虫病疫情扩散势头进一步减缓,但仍呈点状散发态势,控增量、消存量压力大;美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea疫情扩散势头减缓,整体轻度发生,黄淮下游流域局部地区可能偏重危害;林业鼠(兔)害、杨树蛀干害虫和松树病害在“三北”防护林和天然林部分区域有偏重成灾风险;松树钻蛀类害虫在东北、华南、西南常发区多地将延续危害偏重态势;其他本土常发性林业有害生物在全国大部分发生区整体将轻度发生,局部地区可能偏重发生。针对当前形势,提出全国林业有害生物防控对策建议。

The occurrence of major forest pests in China in 2023 was summarized and analyzed,and the trend for occurrence in 2024 was predicted.The high‑incidence trend of major forest pests in China in 2023 had been slowing down,but it was still relatively severe and locally serious.The total occurrence area was 10.923 million hectares in 2023,with a decrease of 7.98%compared with the previous year.The spread of major exotic pests such as Bursaphelenchus xylophilus had slowed down,but the damage degree was still serious.Forest pest rodent,boring pest insects and pine disease were seriously harmful in many regions such as the"Three‑North"region,South China,and Southwest China.The occurrence of defoliator,economic forest pests and other native forest pests frequently occurring were stable as a whole and locally serious.It was predicted that in 2024,the overall occurrence of major forest pests in China will still be severe and locally serious,with a total occurrence area of 11.5 million hectares. The spread of pine wilt disease will further slow down, but it will still bein a scattered state, with great pressure to control the increase and eliminate the stock. The spread ofHyphantria cunea will slow down as well, with light occurrence on the whole, but there may be arelatively heavy risk of damage in the lower reaches of the Huanghuai River. Forest pest rodent, poplarstem ‐ boring insects and pine disease will have a relatively serious disaster risk in the "Three‑North"shelter forest and natural forest. The damage of pine boring insects will continue to be relatively seriousin areas with damage frequently occurring in Northeast, South, and Southwest China. The occurrence ofthe other native forest pests will be light in most occurrence areas across the country, with theoccurrence of partial areas possibly being severe. In response to the current occurrence situation, thecountermeasures and suggestions for the prevention and control of forest pests nationwide are provided.