侵权归责标准与责任前提——评中华人民共和国侵权责任法(草案)

Liability Princpile and Liability Premise:Comments on Torts Law Draft

本文结合侵权法草案论述了侵权法的两个最根本的问题,其一是归责标准,其二是责任前提,也即权益保护范围。主张根据过错与危险背后的价值基础进行区分细化,分配归责标准,而不应该根据其他不同的价值判断分配归责标准。在权益保护范围上,主张采取结果路径之方法,通过确定法律保护的权益位阶的办法来替代违反保护法与侵害绝对权类型的区分。我国侵权法草案一方面确立了过错为归责主要基础的侵权类型,一方面确立了以危险为主要基础的侵权类型,从动态体系思想出发,可以将二者连接起来,形成无漏洞的侵权责任构成体系。

s:According to the Torts Law Draft of PRC,this paper discourses two fundamental issues-liability principle and liability premise,which is also named the scope of rights protection.Distribution of liability principle should be in accordance with the value basis of fault and danger rather than other values.In terms of rights protection scope,the method of result path should be taken,by defining law-protecting interests class,instead of distinguishing violation of protection law from infringement of absolute rights.The Torts Law Draft of PRC takes fault as main basis of liability principle and danger as basis of liability premise.A dynamic system can be established by interaction of these two sides.