隐瞒重疾可撤销条款的认定困境及解决--基于裁判实证类型化梳理

The dilemma of identifying and resolving concealed serious illness revocable clauses--Based on a typology of empirical evidence of adjudication

为保障婚姻自由和诚信,民法典完成了从“重疾禁婚”到“隐瞒重疾可撤婚”的立法态度转变。因法无明文规定,重疾的认定在司法实践中普遍以疾病类型为认定标准的一刀切式的裁判逻辑,违背了立法的预期与初衷。重疾的司法认定不应回避其所涉及的价值判断衡量,应从婚姻“共同生活”的目的入手,结合婚后形成的夫妻权利义务的实现,综合分析疾病对婚姻当事人婚后物质共同生活与精神共同生活的影响,同时辅以其他法律法规的类型参考,以期对重疾司法认定提供新的方法路径,完满实现立法初衷。

In order to protect the freedom and integrity of marriage,the Civil Code has completed the change of legislative attitude from"forbidding marriage due to serious illness"to"concealing serious illness can revoke marriage".In the absence of an explicit provision in the law,the judicial practice of determining serious illness is generally based on a one-size-fits-all logic of determining the type of illness,which is contrary to the expectation and original intention of the legislation.The judicial determination of serious illness should not avoid the value judgement involved,but should start from the purpose of"living together"in marriage,combine the realization of the rights and obligations of the spouses formed after marriage,and comprehensively analyse the impact of illness on the material and spiritual common life of the parties after marriage,while supplementing the type of reference of other laws and regulations,with a view to providing a new approach to the judicial determination of serious illness.The purpose is to provide a new approach to the judicial recognition of serious illnesses and to fully realize the original legislative intent.