美国的违宪审查——坏设计,好结果?

Judicial Review in the United States——Bad Design for Good Purposes?

违宪审查制度是美国的一项重要制度,但是美国最高法院的违宪审查权在美国宪法中并没有明文规定,而是通过"马伯里诉麦迪逊"案确立的,宪法在这个问题上是一种"坏设计"。宪法通过默示的方式规定了违宪审查权,最高法院通过违宪审查防止人民对个人权利的限制,其限制人民侵犯个人权利的方面是反民主的,然而这却是宪法更高的追求。从最高法院关于《第一修正案》的经典判决中,我们可以发现,违宪审查制度带来了"好结果",也埋藏了恶的可能性。

Judicial review is significant to the United States.The power of judicial review was established in Marbury v.Madison,but not mentioned in the Constitution.That is"bad design".The power has been implied in the Constitution.Judicial review allows courts to overrule the suppression of individual rights by the people.Judicial review is undemocratic in curbing the power of the people to infringe individual rights,the higher purpose of the Constitution.According to the archetypal precedents of the First Amendment,we can conclude that judicial review brings"good purposes"while permitting evil.