民法中攻击性紧急避险问题研究

Research on Aggressive Urgent Danger Prevention in the Civil Law

我国的传统理论以及司法实践在确定攻击性紧急避险的民事责任的承担时,往往是从避险人的角度来思考民事责任的承担问题,简单地认为只要适用民法通则第129条以及相关的司法解释即可。本文认为,在研究攻击性紧急避险的时候,应当考虑当引起险情的人无力对损害进行充分的赔偿时,如何保护受害人的利益问题,以期实现符合良好道德要求的社会秩序之法律目的。具体而言,就是在为自己利益而实施的攻击性紧急避险中,避险人应对受害人的损失进行完全的赔偿,只是在有引起险情的人的情况下其只承担补充责任;在为他人利益实施的攻击性紧急避险中,避险人与受益人之间的关系应当适用无因管理的规定。

In the question of the distribution of the civil liability of the aggressive urgent danger prevention,the streamline idea is often considered from the perspective of the avoiding dangerous people,and the article 129 of"general rule of the civil law"and relevant judicial explanation are applied to some typical cases in traditional theory and judicial practice.From the author's viewpoint,it is reasonable to take the manner how to protect the victim's interests when people who causes the dangerous situation is unable to compensate the damaging sufficiently into consideration,expecting to realize the purpose of the civil order in accordance with the good moral requirement.That is to say,in the aggressive urgent danger prevention which implements for his own interests,emergency people should completely compensate the entire victim's loss,only when people who bring about the dangerous situation are existence;the emergency people merely undertake the supplement responsibility.In the aggressive urgent danger prevention which implements for other people's interests,the relation between emergency people and beneficiary should apply with the regulation of negotiorum gestio.