气凝胶材料的制备及其在塑料中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on Preparation of Aerogel Materials and Their Application in Plastics

气凝胶具有三维网状骨架结构,其密度小、热导率低,利用气凝胶制备的功能高分子材料在特定领域表现出了优异性能。文章介绍了国内外气凝胶材料的发展历程、种类,气凝胶材料的制备方法,探讨了老化增强、高分子纤维增强、聚合物交联等气凝胶改性方法。总结了气凝胶在功能塑料方面的应用,分析了气凝胶对隔热阻燃功能塑料性能的影响、对吸附材料吸附量的影响、对催化剂载体塑料反应中的影响、对吸波塑料性能的影响等,对气凝胶在民用织物方面的应用进行展望。

Aerogels have a three-dimensional network skeleton structure,which has low density and low thermal conductivity.Functional polymer materials prepared using aerogels have shown excellent properties in specific fields.The development history,types,and preparation methods of aerogels both at home and abroad are introduced,and the modification methods of aerogels such as aging reinforcement,polymer fiber reinforcement,and polymer crosslinking are discussed.The application of aerogels in functional plastics is summarized,and the effects of aerogels on the properties of thermal insulation and flame retardant functional plastics,the adsorption capacity of adsorption materials,the reaction of catalyst carrier plastics and the properties of microwave absorbing plastics are analyzed.The application of aerogels in civil fabrics is prospected.