教育人工智能伦理治理:现实挑战与实现路径

Ethical Governance of Educational AI:Real Challenges and Implementation Pathways

教育人工智能伦理治理旨在使教育人工智能系统的设计、开发与应用符合道德、法律和社会价值观,以保障人工智能技术对教育数字化转型的切实赋能。为应对“知而不行”“知为不行”“制为不行”的治理难题,由“单一软法”向“软硬兼备”转变已成为教育人工智能伦理治理的发展共识与诉求。但由于人工智能伦理存在诸多不确定性,且相关政策制定与学术研究尚处于起步阶段,实现“软硬兼备”的教育人工智能伦理治理面临治理对象界定不清、伦理原则指代不明、治理主体尚未形成多元共治合力、治理方式存在孤立性的现实挑战。实现“软硬兼备”的教育人工智能伦理治理,前提与关键在于弹性界定教育人工智能概念,提供具有可操作性的原则指南,落实“一核多元”的权责划分,探索实验治理与混合治理的行动框架。

Ethical governance aims to ensure that the design,development,and application of educational artificial intelligence(AI)systems align with ethical,legal,and societal values to effectively empower AI technologies in the digital transformation of education.Currently,in view of the governance challenges of“knowing without doing”,“knowing but not doing”,and“drafting but not doing”,the transition from“single soft law”to“soft-hard hybrid”has become a consensus and demand for the development of ethical governance in educational AI.Due to the uncertainty of AI ethics as an emerging topic,and the fact that policy formulation and academic research are still in their early stages,achieving a“soft and hard”educational AI ethical governance faces many practical challenges such as unclear definition of governance objects,unclear ethical principles,lack of diverse joint governance forces among governance entities,and isolated governance methods.The premise and key to achiev ethical governance of educational artificial intelligence that combines software and hardware is to flexibly define the concept of educational artificial intelligence,provide practical principles and guidelines,implement the division of rights and responsibilities of“a core-periphery”,and explore the action framework of experimental governance and mixed governance.