熔盐电解质体系及在制备铝合金中的研究进展

Progress in preparation of Al alloy by electrolysis in molten salt system

铝合金具有抗腐蚀、易于加工、强度高、密度小等优点,在各行各业中都有着大量的应用。采用熔盐电解法制备铝合金具有生产工艺简单、效率高、生产成本低、生产周期短等特点,近些年来得到广泛关注,其中熔盐体系的选择成为主要的研究热点。本文以温度划分熔盐体系为高温熔盐和离子液体,综述了这2种熔盐体系的优点、分类以及一些反应机理,并从这2类熔盐体系出发,分别介绍了一些铝合金的制备工艺以及相关的技术创新。最后,分别阐述了高温熔盐和离子液体所存在的优缺点,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Aluminum alloy has the advantages of corrosion resistance, easy processing, high strength, low density and so on. It has a large number of applications in all walks of life. Aluminum alloy prepared by molten salt electrolysis method has the characteristics of simple production process, high efficiency, low production cost and short production cycle. In recent years, it has been widely concerned, among which the selection of molten salt system has become the main research hotspot. This paper divides molten salt system into high-temperature molten salt and ionic liquid by temperature. The advantages, classification and some reaction mechanisms of these two molten salt systems are reviewed. Based on both molten salt systems, the preparation process of some aluminum alloys and related technological innovations are introduced respectively. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of high-temperature molten salt and ionic liquid are described respectively, and their future development trend is prospected.