基于正交试验法的铝合金车体高压水清洗喷嘴结构优化

Structure Optimization of High Pressure Water Cleaning Nozzle for Aluminum Alloy Car Body Based on Orthogonal Experiment

抑尘剂等复杂的化合物黏着在铝合金车体上,导致车体污染十分严重,高压水射流清洗方法能够有效去除铝合金车辆车体表面黏着的化合物。通过分析圆柱形、锥形、文丘里形和余弦形喷嘴的射流流场分布、射流出口速度、最大壁面静压、相同清洗宽度下压力值范围,得到余弦形喷嘴的清洗性能最佳,锥形喷嘴次之。基于正交试验法设计五因素、四水平正交试验表,得到常用清洗压力下余弦形喷嘴的最优结构参数:进口直径为40 mm、出口直径为20 mm、过渡段半径为40 mm、出射段长度为25 mm、过渡与余弦部分长度比为4。按照最优喷嘴结构参数进行建模,得到三组压力值下高压水出射速度比未优化前提高了2%,且优化效果随着入口压力值的提高而有所下降。在优化后的喷嘴结构参数下进一步计算得出入口压力为10 MPa时,靶距设置为250 mm能达到较好的清洗效果和节能作用。

Dust suppressants and other complex compounds adhering to the aluminum body can make the body of the car very serious pollution.The high pressure water jet cleaning method can effectively remove the adhesive compounds on the surface of aluminum alloy vehicle body.By analyzing the jet field distribution,jet outlet velocity,maximum wall static pressure,and cleaning width under the same pressure value range of cylindrical,conical,Venturi and cosine nozzles,the best cleaning performance of cosine nozzles and conical nozzles are obtained.Design of five-factor and four-level orthogonal test table based on orthogonal experiment method.The best structural parameters of cosine nozzles under clear pressure are as follows:the inlet diameter is 40 mm,Outlet diameter is 20 mm,The transition radius is 40 mm,The length of the exit segment is 25 mm,The ratio of transitionto cosine length is 4. Based on the modeling of the optimal nozzle structure parameters,the exit velocity of highpressure water under three groups of pressure values is 2% higher than that before optimization,and theoptimization effect decreases with the increase of inlet pressure. Under the optimized nozzle structure parameters,itis further calculated that when the inlet pressure is 10 MPa,the target distance is set to 300 mm,which canachieve better cleaning effect and energy saving.