铁路大范围复杂地质区域环境三维建模方法研究

Study on 3D Modeling Method for Railway Large Range Complex Geological Regional Environment

科学合理的规划铁路线位,使铁路地质灾害问题解决在成灾之前,一直是复杂山区铁路选线的难题。基于空间数据三维可视化建模技术,提出一种铁路大范围复杂地质区域环境整体三维建模方法。通过对遥感地质解译图的矢量化信息提取与处理,采用拉格朗日插值和三次Hermite曲线插值算法,实现由数据驱动的矢量化不同类型地质对象三维模型创建。根据地质对象空间边界数据和区域边界,构建填充封闭区域和填充色系,实现颜色填充模式的三维地质建模。以DEM模型与DOM影像为数据源,在Infraworks BIM平台中实现大范围三维地形场景建模。基于七参数的坐标系转换方法,以面积比值、空间距离误差和灰度状态均值为标准,建立基于灰度直方图的图像匹配度分析方法和最优控制点选取策略,解决选线完整区域大范围矢量化地质模型在三维地形场景中的精确定位和集成难题,建立铁路工程完整区域的三维工程地质模型,实现大范围复杂地质区域的三维可视化。采用设计方案和铁路线路BIM设计结果在BIM平台定位和集成,实现在三维地质区域环境中无缝展示线路方案BIM模型设计效果。结果表明,构建的大范围的三维地质区域环境模型具有很好的地质信息完整性和可视性,直观展示了整个选线区域的三维地质区域环境,能够较好地满足预可研和可研阶段复杂山区铁路规划线位要求。

Scientific and reasonable planning of railway line location in order to solve the problem of railway geological disasters before they occur has always been a difficult problem in railway location in complex mountainous areas.The paper presented an overall three-dimensional modeling method for railway large-scale complex geological environment,based on 3D visual modeling technology based on spatial data.By extracting and processing vectorized information of remote sensing geological interpretation maps,and using Lagrange interpolation and cubic Hermite curve interpolation algorithms,the paper realized the creation of 3D model of vectorized geological objects driven by data.According to the spatial boundary data and regional boundaries of geological objects,the filling closed area and filling color system were constructed.With DEM model and DOM images as data sources,large-scale 3D terrain scene modeling was realized in Infraworks BIM platform.Based on the seven parameter coordinate system transformation method,with area ratio,spatial distance error andgray state mean as the standards,the image matching degree analysis method and the optimal control point selection strategy were established based on gray histogram.By solving the problem of precise positioning and integration of large-scale vectorized geological model in 3D terrain scene,and by establishing the three-dimensional engineering geological model for complete railway engineering areas,this paper realized the 3D visualization of large-scale complex geological environment.The design scheme and the BIM design results of railway lines were positioned and integrated on the BIM platform,so that the design effect of the BIM model of the railway line scheme can be seamlessly displayed in the 3D geological environment.The results show that the constructed ultra-large-scale 3D geological environment model,with good integrity and visibility of geological information and intuitive display of the 3D geological environment of the entire line selection area,can better meet the requirements of railway planning in complex mountainous areas in the pre-feasibility and feasibility study stages.