食品中多环芳烃的来源、污染状况与检测分析

Sources,contamination status and detection analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food

多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)是一类持久性的有机污染物,具有致癌、致畸、致突变等毒性,广泛存在于食品、特别是烟熏食品中,过量摄入将严重危害人体健康。许多国家通过制定严格的限量标准、加强检验检测等措施对食品中的PAHs进行防控,但随着工业化的快速发展,煤、石油等燃料的大量使用,食品中PAHs污染的问题依然突出,其在食品中仍普遍被检出,已成为影响食品安全的主要风险来源之一,关于食品中PAHs的污染来源、监测分析和检测技术等方面的研究也日益增多。本文概述了PAHs对农作物的影响,分析了食品中PAHs的主要来源和污染状况,从样品前处理和测定分析两个方面,综述了食品中PAHs的主要检测技术,评述了其优缺点,并提出了今后研究工作的建议,以期为食品中PAHs的监测分析、预防控制和深入研究提供参考。

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are a class of persistent organic pollutants,which are widely present in food,especially smoked food.These substances are carcinogenic,teratogenic,and mutagenic,and pose serious health risks to humans if consumed in excess.Many countries have taken measures to prevent and control PAHs in food by establishing strict limit standards,strengthening food determination,etc..However,with the rapid development of industrialization and the large-scale use of coal,petroleum and other fuels,the contamination of food with PAHs remains prominent,and they are still commonly detected in food,which have become one of the main sources of risk affecting food safety,and studies on the sources,monitoring and detection of PAHs in food are also increasing.Based on recently published literatures,this review described the impacts of PAHs on crops,concluded the main sources and contamination status of PAHs in food,briefly discussed sample pretreatments and analytical methods for determining PAHs in food,and put forward several suggestions for the further study on PAHs,with a view to providing references for monitoring,prevention and control,and in-depth digging of PAHs in food.