淮河源废弃矿井状况及其地下水环境问题

Status of abandoned mines in Huaihe River source and their groundwater environmental problems

淮河源作为“南水北调”的重要水源区和国家级生态功能保护试点区,受废弃矿井水渗入及涌出流入地表水的影响,该区域地下水资源可能面临着不同生态环境问题。从淮河源水文地质特征、废弃矿井现状、污染源、污染途径、污染物物理迁移等方面,分析了淮河源桐柏县、信阳地下水污染程度及地下水污染源问题。淮河源地下水水位受季节性雨水和地表水的控制,主要属潜水类型;监测土壤中镉、汞、砷、铅、铬、铜、镍、锌等重金属元素含量变化,对农用地土壤污染风险值进行了评估,统计废弃矿井水电导率、pH值、ORP、RDO值指标,计算每个指标的极值、均值、标准差和变异系数。考虑了地下水扩散,存在非均质介质和多相流的情况,使用流体数学的基本原理和偏微分方程,该公式描述了污染物在不同时间和空间位置上浓度或压力上的变化,用于分析和预测地下水污染扩散的行为。

As an important water source area for"South-to-North Water Diversion"and a national ecological function protection pilot area,the groundwater resources in Huaihe River source may face different ecological problems due to the influence of infiltration of water from abandoned mines and inflow of water into surface water.This paper analysed the extent of groundwater pollution and groundwater pollution source problems in Tongbai County and Xinyang,Huaihe River source,from the aspects of hydrogeological characteristics,abandoned mine status,pollution sources,pollution pathways,and physical migration of pollutants.The groundwater level of Huaihe River source was controlled by seasonal rainfall and surface water,and mainly belongs to submerged type;the changes of heavy metal elements such as cadmium,mercury,arsenic,lead,chromium,copper,nickel,zinc and other heavy metal elements in the soil were monitored,and the risk value of soil pollution in agricultural land was evaluated,and the indicators of the value of conductivity,pH,ORP,RDO of the water of the abandoned mines were statistically counted,and the extreme value,the mean,the standard deviation,and the coefficient of variation were calculated for each of the indicators.Considering the diffusion of groundwater,the presence of heterogeneous media and multiphase flow,the basic principles of fluid mathematics and partial differential equations were used to describe the changes in concentration or pressure of pollutants at different time and spatial positions,which were used to analyze and predict the behavior of groundwater pollution diffusion.