六倍体小黑麦新品系T-133引种鉴定及特性分析

Introduction Identification and Variety Characteristic Analysis of New Hexaploid Triticale Variety T-133

小黑麦是小麦和黑麦属间人工杂交形成的新物种,与小麦和黑麦相比,小黑麦的生物产量及蛋白质、赖氨酸含量高,适口性更好,可作为优质禾本科牧草,以促进饲草多元化发展。为了丰富甘肃省饲草种类,给农牧交错区提供高产稳产、耐盐碱、抗寒旱、抗病虫的小黑麦新品种,2013年从CIMMYT引进了六倍体小黑麦新品系T-133,并经2014—2020年连续水旱鉴定、品比试验、生产试验进行引种鉴定。在2020年甘肃省不同生态区生产试验中,平均折合籽粒产量7814.94 kg/hm^(2),比对照品种宁春4号增产17.45%;平均生物学产量22.39 t/hm^(2),比对照品种石大1号增产12.92%。该品系为粮草兼用型,春性,生育期100~109 d,株高115~120 cm,穗长10.0~10.5 cm,可育小穗数21~24个,穗粒数45~50粒,千粒重47~56 g。富含铁、锌等微量元素,品质优良,抗病性强。适宜在甘肃河西、中部及生态区域相似的青海、宁夏等高寒旱区种植。

Triticale is a new species formed by cross between wheat and rye.Compared with wheat and rye,triticale has higher biological yield,protein and lysine content,and better palatability.It can be used as a high-quality grass forage to promote the diversified development of forage grass.To further diversify the forage varieties in Gansu,the hexaploid triticale T-133 was introduced from CIMMYT in 2013,it was bred by flood and drought identification test,variety comparison and production test from 2014 to 2020.Data from the production experiments in different ecological zones in 2020 shows that the average grain yield is 7814.94 kg/ha,which is 17.45%higher than the control variety Ningchun 4.The average biological yield is 22.39 t/ha,which is 12.92%higher than the control variety Shida 1.This variety is a grain-grass type with spring character.The growth period is 100 to 109 days,the plant height is 115 to 120 cm,the spike length is 10.0 to 10.5 cm,the number of spikelet is 21 to 24,the kernels per spike is 45 to 50 and the thousands-kernels weight is 47 to 56 g.The grain is rich in iron,zinc and other trace elements,it is strong resistance to disease with premium characters.It is suitable for cultivation in Hexi,Central region in Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia and other high and arid regions with similar ecological conditions.