金昌市近20年土地利用时空变化分析

Analysis of Spatial-temporal Changes of Land Use in Jinchangin Recent 20 Years

为探究金昌市土地利用的时空变化特征,基于2000—2020年5期土地利用数据,运用ArcGIS系统分析了金昌市近20年土地利用类型时空变化特征和各时期土地利用类型转移状况。结果表明,金昌市主要的土地利用类型以未利用地、草地和耕地为主,具体面积为未利用地>草地>耕地>建设用地>林地>水域,草地和林地主要集中分布在南部及北部荒漠草原区,耕地主要分布于中部平原区及双湾镇南部,建设用地集中分布于宁远堡镇城区,水域呈点状化零星分布于南部地区。近20年,耕地、建设用地、未利用地、水域面积分别增加13300、10900、2500、400 hm2,林地和草地面积分别减少1800、23300 hm2。土地利用转化主要集中在新城子镇、东寨镇、六坝乡及焦家庄北部地区,主要表现为草地向未利用地、耕地的转化以及耕地向未利用地的转化,西南部的皇城镇转化率较低,北部的红沙岗和双湾镇主要为未利用地。受到气候条件和人类活动的干扰,土地利用类型的转化较为活跃,主要表现为未利用地和草地之间的相互转化。中部工业发达,人类活动较强,土地利用类型的转化呈点状不连续分布。

In order to explore the spatio-temporal change characteristics of land use in Jinchang City,based on the five periods of land use data from 2000 to 2020,this paper analyzes the spatio-temporal change characteristics of land use types and the transfer status of land use types in Jinchang City in the past 20 years using ArcGIS system.The results show that main types of land use in Jinchang are mainly unused land,grassland and cultivated land,areas in each catalog are mainly unused land>grassland>cultivated land>construction land>forest land>water area.Grassland and woodland are mainly distributed in the southern and northern desert grassland areas,cultivated land is mainly distributed in the central plain area and the south of Shuangwan Township,and construction land is mainly distributed in the urban area of Ningyuanpu Township.The waters are scattered in the southern region.In the past 20 years,the area of cultivated land,construction land,unused land and water area has increased by 13300,10900,2500 and 400 ha,respectively,while the area of forest land and grassland has decreased by 1800 and 23300 ha,respectively.The land use conversion is mainly concentrated in Xinchengzi Township,Dongzhai Township,Liuba Township,and the northern area of Jiaojiazhuang,mainly manifested as the conversion of grassland to unused land and cultivated land,cultivated land to unused land.The conversion rate of Huangcheng Township in the southwest is relatively low,and the conversion rate of Hongshagang and Shuangwan Township in the north is mainly unused land.Due to the climatic conditions and human activities,the transformation of land use types is active,mainly manifested as the mutual transformation between unused land and grassland.In the middle of the study area,the industrial development and human activities are strong,and the transformation of land use types shows a spot-like discontinuous distribution.