日本幼儿教育中的科学精神培养研究

On the Cultivation of Scientific Spirit in Japanese Preschool Education

尝试借助于现象学来廓清日本幼儿教育中科学精神培养的内在逻辑。首先探析日本幼儿园课程标准提倡的科学精神,及其与生存能力的关系和培养路径。然后剖析索尼幼儿教育支援项目倡导的科学精神,梳理该项目最优秀园培养儿童科学精神的探索活动。在此基础之上,结合梅洛-庞蒂的身体现象学,阐释日本幼儿教育中科学精神培养的基本特征:尊重儿童追求游戏更有趣的天性、珍视儿童不断拓展游戏世界的灵性、遵循不同年龄段儿童游戏的特性和共性、呵护儿童游戏玩耍的本性。此乃日本培养儿童科学精神实践活动的基本特征,也是促使儿童逐步养成生存能力的基本指向。

This paper attempts to clarify the internal logic of the cultivationof scientific spirit in Japan'spreschool education by means of phenomenology.Firstly,this paper analyzes the scientific spirit advocated by Japanese kindergarten curriculum standards,and its relationship with survivability and training path.Then it analyzes the scientific spirit advocated by SONY Preschool Education Support Project,and sorts out the exploration activities of the project's best kindergartens to cultivate children's scientific spirit.On this basis,combined with Merleau-Ponty's body phenomenology,this paper explains the basic characteristics of scientific spirit cultivation in Japanese preschool education:respect for children's nature of pursuing more interesting games,cherish children's spirit of constantly expanding the world of games,follow the characteristics and commonalities of children's games of different ages,and care for children's nature of games and play.This is the basic feature of the practice of training children's scientific spirit in Japan,and also the basic direction of promoting children to gradually develop the ability to survive.