走向临床的异种器官移植

Application of xenotransplantation in clinical practice

器官移植是治疗终末期器官衰竭的最佳方案,但器官短缺是全球性的问题,限制了器官移植的进一步发展。最新的研究表明,基因修饰猪可能很快成为临床器官移植供体的现实替代来源。异种移植可能是解决器官短缺问题的有效途径之一。2021年以来,全世界完成了2例活体异种器官移植、6例脑死亡异种器官移植,并启动了异种肾移植的Ⅰ期临床试验,取得了超出预期的结果。因此,本文在回顾、分析近几年活体及脑死亡受者异种移植临床试验结果的基础上,讨论与异种移植临床研究相关的科学、技术和伦理问题,希望为我国异种器官移植临床研究提供借鉴,促进临床异种移植的发展。

Organ transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage organ failure.Nevertheless,organ shortage is a global problem,which limits further development of organ transplantation.Recent research shows that genetically modified pig may become a realistic alternative source of clinical organ transplantation donor.Xenotransplantation may serve as one of the effective measures to resolve the problem of organ shortage.Since 2021,2 cases of living xenotransplantation and 6 cases of xenotransplantation in brain death recipients have been performed worldwide,and phaseⅠclinical trial of xenotransplantation has been launched,and the results have exceeded expectations.Therefore,in this article,recent clinical trial results of xenotransplantation in living and brain death recipients were retrospectively analyzed,and scientific,technical and ethical issues related to clinical research of xenotransplantation were illustrated,hoping to provide reference for clinical research of xenotransplantation in China and promote the development of xenotransplantation in clinical practice.