国内外异种器官移植的现状及进展

Present situation and progress of xenotransplantation at home and abroad

器官短缺已成为阻碍器官移植发展的主要难题,异种移植是解决全球器官匮乏最有价值的方法之一。近年来,基因工程技术的发展和新型免疫抑制药的研发为异种移植提供了新的理论基础。国外陆续开展基因修饰猪-非人灵长类动物或脑死亡受者的相关异种移植研究,并取得一些实质性的进展,但大部分的研究仍处于临床前阶段,距离投入临床跨越巨大。因此,本文结合目前国内外最新的临床前实验研究进展,对异种移植的历史、基因修饰技术发展、异种移植排斥反应及免疫抑制方案等问题进行综述,以期为异种移植的进一步研究提供参考,促进异种移植临床应用,造福更多终末期疾病患者。

Organ shortage has become one of the major challenges hindering the development of organ transplantation.Xenotransplantation is one of the most valuable methods to resolve global organ shortage.In recent years,the development of genetic engineering technique and research and development of new immunosuppressant have provided novel theoretical basis for xenotransplantation.International scholars have successively carried out researches on xenotransplantation in genetically modified pigs to non-human primates or brain death recipients,making certain substantial progresses.However,most of the researches are still in the preclinical stage,far from clinical application.Therefore,according to the latest preclinical experimental research progress at home and abroad,the history of xenotransplantation,the development of gene modification technology,xenotransplantation rejection and immunosuppression regimens were reviewed,aiming to provide reference for subsequent research of xenotransplantation,promote clinical application of xenotransplantation and bring benefits to more patients with end-stage diseases.