贫穷对脑智发育的影响

Effects of poverty on mind and brain development

儿童青少年的大脑可塑性较强,也意味着其较脆弱,容易受成长环境的影响。认知神经科学研究发现,贫穷不仅会影响儿童青少年的认知、情绪、行为、入学准备性、学业表现等,而且会影响其大脑结构和功能;而扶贫和扶智则可以减少贫穷对脑智发育所产生的负面影响。尽管贫穷对脑智发育具有诸多负面的影响,但其产生影响的作用机制目前尚不清楚。因此,未来的研究要通过复杂的建模和模型验证来考察贫穷影响脑智发育的作用机制,并在此基础上设计基于证据的一系列干预方案。

Children and adolescents have higher brain plasticity,which means that their brain is more vulnerable,and is easily shaped and influenced by the growing environment.The studies on cognitive neuroscience has found that poverty not only affects children's cognition,emotion,behavior,school readiness,and academic performance,but also affects their brain structure and function.Poverty alleviation and intellectual support can reduce the negative effects of poverty on brain development.Although poverty has many negative effects on brain development,its mechanism is not very clear.Therefore,it's important to explore how poverty affects brain development by complex modeling and model validation,and to design a package of evidence-based interventions in future studies.