产苦马豆素的疯草内生真菌研究进展

Research Progress of Endopfyte Fungi from Locoweed Producing SW

含苦马豆素(Swainsonine, SW)的棘豆属(Oxytropis DC.)和黄芪属(Astragalus L.)植物称为疯草,其共生着一种疯草内生真菌(Alternaria Section Undifilum oxytropis)。疯草中的SW由其内生真菌产生,而非由宿主植物产生。SW是一种吲哚里西啶类生物碱,牲畜食用疯草后引起中毒,严重者死亡,对我国畜牧业危害巨大。本文对棘豆属疯草的分类与分布,疯草内生真菌的分类、分布、传播方式及形态学差异,不同真菌中SW的合成相关酶及合成途径的研究进展进行综述,讨论了SW合成途径及其关键酶的作用,旨在为疯草内生真菌的研究、利用及SW合成途径的明晰提供参考。

Oxytropis DC.and Astragalus L.plants,also known as locoweed,contain swainsonine(SW),an indolizidine alkaloid.The SW is produced by an endophytic fungi,Alternaria Section Undiflum oxytropis,that coexist with the locoweed,rather than by the host plant itself.Consuming of locoweed can cause poisoning in livestock,leading to death,poseing a significant threat to China′s animal husbandry.This article reviews the research progress on the classification and distribution of the locoweed of Oxytropis genus,the classification and distribution,and transmission of endophytic fungi in locoweed,the related synthesis enzymes,and the synthesis pathways of SW in different fungi.Based on existing experimental results,the synthesis pathways of SW and the roles of its key enzymes are summarized and discussed.The aim is to provide a reference for the research and utilization of locoweed endophytic fungi and to clarify of synthesis pathways of SW.