某院抗菌药物相关药物不良反应的临床特征分析

Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of Adverse Drug Reactions Related to Antibacterial Drugs in a Hospital

目的:分析医院抗菌药物相关药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)的临床特点,为临床抗菌药物的用药安全提供参考。方法:选取2021年4月—2022年4月信丰县人民医院上报的80例抗菌药物相关ADRs报告作为研究资料,采集ADRs报告中患者的年龄和性别、抗菌药物的品种和给药方式,以及ADRs的发生时间和临床表现等信息,分析抗菌药物相关ADRs的临床特点。结果:80例ADRs的报告中,年龄上以>60岁患者最多见(43例,占53.75%),性别上男性略多于女性(45例vs 35例);在所涉抗菌药物种类方面,以头孢菌素类的占比为最高(38例,占47.50%),其次为青霉素类(20例,占25.00%)和碳青霉烯类(17例,占21.25%);所涉抗菌药物的给药方式主要为静脉给药(64例,占80.00%),其余均为口服给药(15例,占18.75%);在ADRs的发生时间上,以用药后≤10 min为主(45例,占56.25%),其次为用药后>10 min~24 h(16例,占20.00%)和用药后>3 d~5 d(10例,占12.50%);此外,80例抗菌药物相关ADRs主要累及患者的皮肤及其附件(42例,占52.50%),其次为消化系统(14例,占17.50%)。结论:医院所发生的抗菌药物相关ADRs多见于中老年患者,所涉药物主要为头孢菌素类和青霉素类,尤其是静脉用品种,临床在使用抗菌药物治疗时应注意患者的用药监测,以保证患者的用药安全。

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADRs) related to antibacterial drugs in a hospital and provide reference for the safe medication of antibacterial drugs.Methods:The ADR reports related to antibacterial drugs for 80 patients reported by Xinfeng County People's Hospital from April 2021 to April 2022 were used as research data;the information such as patients' age and sex,the types and administration methods of antibacterial drugs,the occurrence time and clinical manifestations of ADRs was collected from the ARD reports,to analyze the clinical characteristics of ADRs related to antibacterial drugs.Results:In the ADR reports for 80 patients,the ages of most of patients were over 60 years(43 patients,53.75%),and the number of males was slightly more than that of females(45 vs35).In terms of the types of antibacterial drugs involved,the most type was cephalosporins(38 patients,47.50%),followed by penicillins(20 patients,25.00%) and carbapenems(17 patients,21.25%);in terms of the method of administration for the antibacterial drugs involved,the main method was intravenous administration(64 patients,80.00%),followed by oral administration(16 patients,20.00%);in terms of the occurrence time of ADRs,most ADRs occurred within 10minutes(including 10 minutes) after administration(45 patients,56.25%),followed by more than 10 min to 24 hours after administration(16 patients,20.00%),and more than 3 days to 5 days after administration(10 patients,12.50%);In addition,the ARDs related to antibacterial drugs for 80 patients mainly involved the patients' skin and its appendages(42 patients,52.50%),followed by the digestive system(14 patients,17.50%).Conclusion:ADRs related to antibacterial drugs occurred in the hospital are more common in the middle-aged and elderly patients.The drugs involved are mainly cephalosporins and penicillins,especially for intravenous administration.When antibacterial drugs are used for clinical treatment,attention shall be paid to medication monitoring for patients to ensure the safe medication of patients.