运动与训练科学的五大“论战”

Five Debates in Exercise and Sports Science

科学的目的是揭示客观事物存在的现象及其规律。由于所持有的证据不一,研究人员对事物现象与规律的认识可能并不完全一样。国际学术期刊通过设立争鸣类的栏目,允许和鼓励对相关科学问题持有不同学术观点的研究人员“同台论战”。研究遴选了运动与训练科学领域的五大“论战”:负荷术语使用、训练强度分布模式、线粒体含量增加、无氧阈的金标准测试、高强度间歇训练的临床作用,分别综述了正反两方的论据,并予以评论。建议注重科学争鸣的证据导向,认清结论成立的限定条件,加强“运动中的人”的研究及其出版刊发力度,搭建有组织的的学术争鸣平台。

Science research aims to observe the phenomena and reveal the laws of objective things.Due to the different evidence held,researchers may not reach an agreement on the understanding of phenomena and laws of things.Some international academic journals set up debate columns and encourage researchers with different academic views to debate over relative scientific issues.This article reviewed five major debates in the field of exercise and sports science,including the use of load terms,training intensity distribution patterns,increases in mitochondrial content,“gold standard”anaerobic threshold test,and clinical effects of high-intensity interval training,and presented and reviewed the arguments from both sides.It is recommended that(1)the scientific debate should be evidence-oriented,(2)limiting conditions of the conclusion should be kept in mind,(3)researches focusing“the human in motion”should be strengthened and more published,(4)platforms for planned scientific debating need to be established.