全运会新闻叙事的历时性特征研究

Study on the Diachronic Characteristics of News Narration of China's National Games

新闻媒体报道是大型体育赛事推广的重要途径,能影响公众对大型体育赛事的认知和态度。采用新闻叙事学理论与系统功能语言学理论相结合的分析框架,通过文本挖掘与人工编码,以我国主流报纸近十多年的全运会新闻报道为例,探究全运会新闻叙事的历时性特征。经研究发现,全运会新闻从关注赛事的竞技属性与社会效益向人才培养、群众体育等以人物为中心的主题转变,叙事模式从事件叙事、属性叙事向情感叙事转变,信息源与叙述方式日趋多样。全运会新闻叙事的历时性特征变化主要体现为:1)报道立场由结果导向转向过程导向;2)叙事内容由叙述赛事的外部性特征转向体验性特征;3)叙事模式从宣传模式转向人文关怀模式。这主要受我国生产力水平、体育文化软实力、地区经济发展水平、受众体育观念的影响,但是与我国主流报纸对国际体育赛事的新闻报道相比,全运会的新闻报道在叙事方式上仍有待进一步转变。

News coverage is a vital means to promote major sports events,which shapes people’s understanding and attitudes towards major sports events.By drawing on news narratology and systemic functional linguistics as the analytical framework,this paper looks into the diachronic characteristics of news narration of China’s National Games(CNG)as they change over time in the past decade by means of text mining and manual coding of data.Results show that CNG reportage exhibits 1)a shift of themes from the competitive nature and social influence of the sports events to people-oriented topics such as athletes training and mass sports,2)a shift of narrative focus from events and their attributes to people’s sentiments,with a much-varied range of narrative sources and patterns.This reveals that CNG news has seen an altered pattern of narration 1)from result-oriented to process-oriented stance in news reportage,2)from external features of sports events to emotional appeal to the public in narrative content,3)from publicity-oriented to people-oriented reportage in narrative pattern.This is mainly influenced by China’s social productivity,sports cultural soft power,regional economic development and changing public perception of sports.Yet,when compared with the news coverage of major international sports events,CNG still calls for more diversified narrative patterns in its reportage.