高强度间歇运动和中等强度持续运动对抑制功能影响的元分析

A Meta-analysis of Effects of High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on Inhibition Function

目的:使用元分析方法探讨高强度间歇运动(HIIT)对抑制功能的影响及其影响因素,以及与中等强度持续运动(MICT)相比的效果差异,为不同锻炼人群选择合适的锻炼方式提供依据。方法:依据PRISMA原则,在国内外的一些检索平台检索相关文献,检索时间为2010年1月1日—2022年8月30日。运用软件“Stata 15.0”和软件“Review Manager 5.3”进行效应量分析。结果:1)HIIT能够显著提高运动者的抑制功能,为中等效应量。2)HIIT能够显著提高10~24岁人群的抑制功能,而对25岁以上人群的抑制功能未见显著影响;90%~100%最大心率运动强度的HIIT能够显著提高运动者的抑制功能,且合并效应量较大,70%~90%最大心率运动强度的HIIT能够显著提高运动者的抑制功能;10~30 min和30~60 min的HIIT均能显著提高运动者的抑制功能;功率自行车、篮球、爬楼梯等方式的HIIT能显著提高运动者的抑制功能,跑步机上跑步的HIIT对运动者的抑制功能未见显著影响;HIIT结束30 min后仍对运动者的抑制功能有积极影响。3)HIIT与MICT对抑制功能的影响未见显著性差异。结论:HIIT能够提高运动者的抑制功能,为中等效应量,HIIT与MICT对抑制功能的积极影响没有差异;HIIT与抑制功能的关系受到年龄、运动强度、运动时间、运动方式等调节变量的影响,HIIT的认知促进效益可以持续30 min以上。

Objective:A meta-analysis was used to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval exercise(HII-T)on inhibitory function and its influencing factors,as well as the differences compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise(MICT)in order to provide reference for selecting appropriate exercise methods for different exercise groups.Methods:Based on the PRISMA principle,relevant literatures were collected on the search platfo-rms of China Knowledge Network,Web of science,PubMed,SAGE,and EBSCO from January 1,2010 to Augu-st 30,2022,and effect size was conducted using Stata 15.0 software and Review Manager 5.3 software.Results:(1)HIIT can significantly improve the inhibitory function with a moderate effect size;(2)HIIT can significantly improve the inhibitory function of people aged 10-24 years,while it has no significant effect on the inhibitory function of people older than 25 years;HIIT at 90%-100%maximum heart rate(HRmax)exercise intensity can significantly improve the inhibitory function with large combined effect size,and HIIT at 70%-90%HRmax exercise intensity can significantly improve the inhibitory function;HIIT at both 10-30 minutes and 30-60 minutes can significantly improve the inhibitory function;HIIT at power bicycle,running,basketball,stair climbing,etc.can significantly improve the inhibitory function of exercisers,while HIIT at treadmill has no significant effect on the inhibitory function;HIIT still has a positive effect on the inhibitory function of the exercisers 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise.(3)There was no significant difference in the effect of HIIT and MICT on inhibitory function.Conclusions:HIIT can improve inhibitory function of exercisers with a moderate effect size,and there is no difference in the positive effects of HIIT and MICT on inhibitory function;the relationship between HIIT and inhibitory function is influenced by moderating variables such as age,exercise intensity,exercise time,and exercise mode,and the cognitive facilitation benefits of HIIT can last for more than 30 minutes.