双重关系影响下农业废弃物资源化利用多元主体演化博弈分析

Evolutionary Game Analysis of Multiple Entities in the Utilization of Agricultural Waste Resources Under the Influence of Dual Relationships

种植户和资源化利用企业存在竞争与合作的双重关系。为了推动我国农业废弃物资源化利用,从系统稳定性视角,构建养殖废弃物资源化利用中养殖场、资源化利用企业和种植户的三方演化博弈模型,探讨了资源化利用的演化机理,随后基于江西正合环保工程公司罗坊镇大型沼气工程项目运营数据进行了仿真分析。研究表明,养殖废弃物资源化利用存在四种稳定状态,演化至何种稳定状态取决于企业和种植户的策略选择;受双重关系的影响,政府补贴并非均有利,对企业实施补贴,能够强化企业的竞争优势,但会对种植户产生“挤出效应”,演化至低水平市场化利用状态的趋势加强,而对种植户实施较少的补贴则能够强化两者的合作关系,进化至高水平市场化利用;使用商品有机肥潜在收益的提升能够强化两者的合作关系;化肥价格的提高,会迫使种植户放弃竞争关系,选择合作关系导致利益受损;废弃物购买支出的增加会导致资源化利用退化至养殖户自行处理状态;废弃物购买支出的减少,虽然会改善企业策略选择,且不会对养殖户策略选择产生不良影响,但受制于竞争关系,难以让废弃物资源化利用达到稳定状态。

Growers and resource utilization enterprises have a dual relationship of competition and cooperation.In order to promote the resource utilization of agricultural waste in China,from the perspective of system stability,this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model of breeding farms,resource utilization enterprises and growers in the resource utilization of breeding waste,discusses the evolution mechanism of resource utilization,and then makes a simulation analysis based on the operation data of a large-scale biogas project of Jiangxi Zhenghe Environmental Protection Engineering Company in Luofang Town.According to the research,there are four stable states in the resource utilization of breeding waste,and the evolution to which stable state depends on the strategic choice of enterprises and growers.Affected by the dual relationship,government subsidies are not all beneficial.The implementation of subsidies to enterprises can strengthen the competitive advantage of enterprises,but will have a"crowding out effect"on growers and strengthen the trend of evolving to a low-level market-oriented utilization,while the implementation of less subsidies to growers can strengthen the cooperative relationship between the two and evolve to a high-level market-oriented utilization.The promotion of the potential income from the use of commercial organic fertilizer can strengthen the cooperative relationship between the two.The increase of the price of chemical fertilizer will force the growers to give up the competitive relationship and choose the cooperative relationship,resulting in the damage of interests.The increase of waste purchase expenditure will lead to the degradation of resource utilization to the state of farmers'self-treatment.Although the reduction of waste purchase expenditure will improve the strategic choice of enterprises and will not have an adverse impact on the strategic choice of farmers,it is difficult to make the resource utilization of waste reach a stable state due to the competitive relationship.