基于模式微生物生长特性调控的食品功能因子生物制造研究进展

Advances in bio-manufacturing of food functional factors based on regulating cell growth of model microorganism

食品功能因子作为功能性食品制造的基础素材,是食品中真正起生理作用的有效成分,在调节人体机能,改善睡眠和促进生长发育等方面发挥着重要作用.合成生物学作为一种更安全、更健康和绿色可持续的食品获取方式,已经成为推动食品行业发展的重要技术支撑.食品合成生物技术主要通过采用合成生物学技术设计构建食品组分的合成途径,创建具有食品工业应用能力的智能化细胞工厂,大幅提升食品功能因子等高附加值产品的合成效率.目前,以大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、谷氨酸棒杆菌和酿酒酵母等模式微生物作为合成载体,通过对其生长进行精细调控,食品功能因子的生物制造已取得重大进展.本文主要从转运蛋白工程改造提高细胞生长速率、重编程细胞能量代谢和平衡细胞生长与产物合成方面总结了基于模式微生物生长特性调控合成食品功能因子的研究策略和进展,提出了目前所面临的挑战,并对其未来发展做出展望.

As the basic materials of functional food manufacturing, food functional factors are the physiological activators which play a vitalrole in regulating human performance, improving sleeping and accelerating growth. Synthetic biology, as a safer, healthier andsustainable approach to obtain food, has become the important technical support to promote the development of food industry. Thesynthetic pathway of food components is designed and constructed by synthetic biological technology in food synthetic biology, thenan intelligent cell factory with food industry application capability is created. The synthesis efficiency of food functional factors andother high value-added products will be greatly improved. At present, the model microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Bacillussubtilis, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are regarded as synthetic carriers of food functional factors. Thebio-manufacturing of food functional factors has made great progress by finely regulating cell growth. This review summarized thecurrent research strategies and progress in the synthesis of food functional factors based on regulating cell growth of modelmicroorganism. We mainly focused on the aspects of improving the growth rate by transporters engineering, reprogramming cellenergy metabolism, balancing cell growth and product synthesis. Finally, the current challenges were put forward and the futuredevelopment was prospected.