全球能源低碳转型下生物液体燃料产业现状与展望

Status and Prospects of Liquid Biofuel Industry under the Background of Global Low-carbon Energy Transition

能源是经济社会发展的基础,而降低能源使用过程中的碳排放已成为可持续发展的重要标志。交通领域化石能源碳排放约占全球能源系统碳排放的20%,减排压力巨大。生物液体燃料因其显著的降碳属性,是化石燃料向电气化和氢燃料过渡阶段的理想替代燃料,并逐渐成为交通领域实现碳中和的重要选择。围绕生物乙醇、生物柴油、生物航煤三种主要生物液体燃料,介绍国内外产业发展现状及进展,分析目前存在的问题,探讨不同应用场景下的生物液体燃料的减碳潜力。结合“双碳”发展目标,总结我国生物液体燃料产业面临的挑战与机遇,提出应重点发展纤维素乙醇及乙醇合成生物航煤(alcohol to jetfuel,ATJ)技术,以破解我国产业发展面临的原料供应问题等若干建议。

Energy is the foundation of the economy and society.Carbon emission reduction during energy use has been an important symbol of sustainable development.Carbon emissions of fossil energy used in transportation contributes around 20%to the global energy system,putting enormous pressure on carbon emission reduction.Due to the significant property of carbon reduction,liquid biofuel is an ideal alternative in the transition from fossil fuels to electrification and hydrogen fuel,and has gradually become an important choice to facilitate carbon neutrality in the transportation sector.The global industrial development status and progress of three main liquid biofuels,bio-ethanol,biodiesel and bio-jet fuel,were reviewed in this paper.The existing problems and the carbon reduction potential of bio-liquid fuels under different application scenarios were deeply discussed.The challenges and opportunities of the bio-liquid fuel industry in China were summarized on the basis of double carbon development goal,and some proposals for industrial development were put forward.In the long run,cellulosic ethanol and bio-jet fuel through alcohol-to-jet fuel are two promising technologies to alleviate the pressure of raw material supply in the liquid biofuel industry of China.