四个甜樱桃品种的开花生物学特性研究

Study on Flowering Biology of Four Sweet Cherry Varietie

以八年生甜樱桃品种‘布鲁克斯’‘美早’‘早大果’‘晚红珠’为试材,对其开花物候期、花器官特征、花粉特性、柱头可授性等指标进行测定,系统了解甜樱桃在阿拉尔地区开花生物学特征,以期为阿拉尔地区甜樱桃的高效栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:4个甜樱桃品种花期相近,‘布鲁克斯’的发育速率较快,‘早大果’和‘晚红珠’的花期较长。‘美早’的花冠直径、花瓣纵横径均为最大,‘布鲁克斯’和‘早大果’易出现多雌蕊现象。4个甜樱桃品种均为中等型花粉,其中‘布鲁克斯’的极轴长最大为49.07μm,赤道轴长‘美早’最大为24.53μm,花粉粒的外壁纹饰均呈条纹状。‘晚红珠’的柱头可授性最强,‘早大果’的单花花粉量最多,蔗糖浓度在10 g·L^(-1)时花粉萌发率最高,其中‘早大果’的花粉活力最高。不同品种甜樱桃的开花生物学特性存在差异,生产上建议选择物候期相近且花粉活力高的品种搭配种植来提高坐果率和产量。

Taking eight-year-old sweet cherry varieties‘Brooks’‘Meizao’‘Zaodaguo’and‘Wanhongzhu’as test materials,the flowering phenology,floral organ characteristics,pollen characteristics,and stigma receptivity were measured to systematically understand the biological characteristics of sweet cherries in the Alar region,in order to provide reference for efficient cultivation of sweet cherries in the Alar region.The results showed that the four sweet cherry varieties had similar flowering periods,with‘Brooks’having a faster development rate,and‘Zaodaguo’and‘Wanhongzhu’having longer flowering periods.The corolla diameter and petal diameter of‘Meizao’were both the largest,while‘Brooks’and‘Zaodaguo’were prone to the phenomenon of multiple pistils.All four sweet cherry varieties were of medium pollen type,with‘Brooks’having a maximum polar axis length of 49.07μm.The maximum length of the equatorial axis‘Meizao’was 24.53μm.The outer wall decoration of pollen grains was striped.The stigma of‘Wanhongzhu’had the strongest receptivity,and‘Zaodaguo’had the highest single flower pollen quantity.When the sucrose concentration was 10g·L^(-1),the pollen germination rate was the highest,with‘Zaodaguo’having the highest pollen vitality.There were differences in the flowering biological characteristics of different varieties of sweet cherries.It was recommended to choose varieties with similar phenological periods and high pollen vitality for planting to improve fruit setting rate and yield.