明代闽南儒学的历史面相——以薛天华《明善斋集》为中心

Historical Studies of Ming Dyuarty Confuciansim in Southern China Centered on Xue Tianhua's Ming Shan Zhai Ji

经考辨,原题江以达著《明善斋集》实为泉州籍进士薛天华文集。薛天华的治学历程展示了明中期福建学术、文化嬗变的一个面相。少年时代与俞大猷、邓城等人结会研习的经历使薛天华于儒学、文章和兵法等领域皆有涉猎,推崇秦汉古文。登第之初,年届不惑的薛天华也和许多新晋俊彦一样,醉心于诗词歌赋,渴望在文坛上标新立异。淹滞南京期间,薛天华受到心学学人的影响,治学旨趣有了明显变化,成为心学门徒。在明确受到王慎中、唐顺之、洪朝选等人影响的情况下,薛天华基本上保持了早年对秦汉古风的推崇,并未改旗易帜,投入唐宋派阵营。薛天华重庆知府任上兴革利弊的诸款措施,为我们了解嘉靖后期四川、湖广和贵州交界地带的社会状况提供了翔实的资料。

Through examination,the original title Jiang Yida's Ming Shan Zhai Ji 明善斋集 is in fact,a personal collected work by Xue Tianhua. Xue Tianhua's academic history reveals a facet of the evolution of Fujian' s academic and cultural changes in the mid-Ming Dynasty. In his youth,the experience of studying in a literati society with Yu Dayou,Deng Cheng and others allowed him to dabble in the fields of Confucianism,essays,and military tactics,while admiring the ancient literature of the Qin and Han Dynasties. When he first passed the imperial examination,Xue Tianhua,who was about forty,like much new talent,was fascinated with lyrics and poems,and longing to stand out in the literary world. Being held up in Nanjing,Xue Tianhua was influenced by the philosophy of the mind during this time,which notably changed his pursuit of scholarship,and later he became a disciple of Yangming Doctrine. Under the circumstances that he was clearly influenced by Wang Shenzhong,Tang Shunzhi,Hong Chaoxuan and others,Xue Tianhua basically maintained his early preference for the ancient literature of the Qin and Han Dynasties,and did not shift his ground to join the school of Tang and Song. During his tenure as prefect in Chongqing,Xue Tianhua proposed several policies of initiation and abolition,which provided us with detailed information about the social conditions in the border region of Sichuan,Huguang,and Guizhou in the late Jiajing Period.