从“别有一物”到“自有安宅”——重思朱子“中和旧说”的发展

From “Bie Your Yi Wu” to “Zi You An Zhai”: The Development in Zhu Xi's Old Theory about Zhonghe

乾道丙戌与己丑的两次“中和之悟”被认为是理解朱子思想的关键节点,但是,朱子的思想如何从“旧说”一步步发展到“新说”,这中间的过程学界尚缺乏充分而完整的讨论。文章以“中和旧说四劄”为核心文本,将其区分为三个主要的义理层次:对于“未发”的安顿,对于“已发”的描述,对于“主宰”的寻求。这三个层次就义理形态上来说有着各自的独立性,但是在“中和旧说”的系统中又存在着内在的逻辑关联。在此基础上,“中和旧说”的发展并非单线条、直线式的思想演进,而是朱子多重对比后的选择,由此可以显现出“中和旧说”的丰富性和复杂性,从而更加深入地理解“中和新说”产生的必然性。

Theories about zhonghe from 1166 to 1169 are regarded as key points to understanding Zhu Xi's thoughts. However,there is still a lack of complete discussion on the problem of how Zhu Xi's thoughts developed from the old theory to the new theory. Zhu Xi posted four letters to Zhang Shi during that time,so we can understand his thoughts through analysing these letters. Focusing on these letters,this paper divides the old theory about zhonghe into three levels of interpretation: for the setting of the state of mind before feelings are aroused,for the description of the state of mind after feelings are aroused,and for the quest of the master. These three levels have their own independence in terms of semantics,but there are internal relations in the system of the old theory about zhonghe. Through this separation,this paper hopes to highlight the complexity of theories about zhonghe.