以功夫哲学诠释朱子敬论

Interpreting Zhu Xi's Theory of Respectfulness with Gongfu Philosophy

功夫哲学不同于通常意义上把工夫论作为中国哲学里面的一个模块,功夫作为视角意味着不把文本看作是对真理的描述,而是从修炼的角度去审视哲学理论,探寻如何有效提高人生技艺。运用功夫视角去看待朱子所说的敬,就不仅是诠释文本,而是要关注敬之功夫的有效性、敬的运用方式、敬的功力体现,甚至要关注如何去践行是不敬,并看到朱子如何运用功夫把不敬纠正为敬。在功夫之知中可以包含命题之知与技能之知,如朱子说“敬是畏”与“敬似畏”,不是在对敬下定义,而是要学者去践行敬,在心性上修炼,在事情上运用。儒家思想中的功夫具有多样性、价值多元化、能量多重性的特点,以功夫哲学诠释朱子敬论也可谓能契合朱子哲学思想丰富性的特点。

Gongfu philosophy is different from the general sense of taking cultivation as a module in Chinese philosophy. As a perspective,gongfu means not viewing book texts as descriptions of truth,but teaching people to practice philosophical theory from the perspective of gongfu and exploring how to effectively improve life skills. The gongfu perspective interprets Zhu Xi's theory of respect can not only see the lost content from the perspective of philosophy,but also resolve the contradiction between text records. Using the perspective of gongfu to view Zhu Xi's words of respect is not only to interpret the text,but also to pay attention to the effectiveness of gongfu perspective,the way respect is applied,the manifestation of respect's skill,and how to practice it as disrespect,and know how Zhu Xi uses gongfu to correct disrespect as respect. The perspective of gongfu philosophy can contain right and wrong,including whether it can be affirmative right,or negative wrong. In the knowledge of gongfu,it can include knowledge of propositions and knowledge of skills,we should know that in Zhu Xi's theory of respect,gongfu is diverse,with diverse values and multiple energies.