作为伦理宗教的“儒教”——以加地伸行的生命伦理思想为中心

Confucianism as an Ethical Religion: Centered around the Life Ethics Thoughts of Kaji Nobuyuki

儒学在日本往往被称为“儒教”。对于为什么是“儒教”,加地伸行从生命伦理的角度对其进行宗教的定位,认为宗教的本质是生死观,即论述死亡及死后的世界。东北亚人乐于现世,畏惧死亡,从而产生了具有宗教性质的思想体系,即“儒教”。儒教的宗教性与在此之上的儒教的道德性,以及两者结合的孝,这三者共同构成了儒教作为宗教的内在结构。随着儒教的发展,表面的礼教性与最初的宗教性分离,使儒教成为一种“沉默的宗教”。在这样的内在逻辑下,儒教的伦理体现出其连续性、共生性和现实性的特点,并使作为“伦理宗教”的儒教在具体的道德要求、理性转向与教化功用上彰显出“人间性”。儒教对于人的关心与肯定指引着人们不畏苦难、积极入世,发挥着人间关怀的作用。正因为如此,儒教在现代社会中仍将成为人们的精神寄托。

Confucianism is often called “jyukyou” in Japan. As for why it is called religion,kaji Nobuyuki defines it from the perspective of “life theory”,and believe that the essence of religion is the concept of life and death,that is,to discuss death and the world after death. The people of Northeast Asia are willing to live in the world and afraid of death,resulting in a religious ideological system,namely “Confucianism”. The religious nature of Confucianism and the moral nature of Confucianism above it,as well as the combination of filial piety,together constitute the internal structure of Confucianism as a religion. With the development of Confucianism,the apparent ethical nature and the initial religious nature are separated,making Confucianism a “silent religion”. Under such internal logic,the ethics of Confucianism embodies its characteristics of continuity,symbiosis and realism,and makes Confucianism,as an ethical religion,show “human nature” in its specific moral requirements,rational turn and enlightenment function. The concern and affirmation of Confucianism for human beings guide people to be fearless of suffering,positively devote themselves,and play the role of humanity.Because of this,Confucianism will still become people's spiritual sustenance in modern society.