细胞色素P450在植物倍半萜类化合物生物合成中的作用研究进展

Research progress on the role of cytochrome P450 in plant sesquiterpene biosynthesis

倍半萜类化合物是基本骨架含15个碳原子的天然萜类化合物,主要存在于植物挥发油中,具有重要的生理作用和药用价值。细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450,CYP450)是一类超基因家族编码的单加氧酶,是植物中最大的基因家族之一,参与萜类、生物碱等多种次生代谢产物的合成与代谢。在萜类生物合成过程中,CYP450酶通过引入羟基、羧基、羰基等官能团参与萜类化合物的后修饰阶段,为丰富萜类化合物多样性起到了重要作用。参与倍半萜合成的CYP450酶及底物催化特异性机制已有一些研究,本文简要介绍了植物倍半萜类化合物的生物合成途径、P450酶的结构和分类,对参与倍半萜生物合成的CYP450酶进行了总结,以期为更深入探究CYP450酶在合成倍半萜类化合物中的作用提供参考。

Sesquiterpenes are natural terpenoids with 15 carbon atoms in the basic skeleton,which mainly exist in plant volatile oil and have important physiological and medicinal value.Cytochrome P450(CYP450)is a kind of monooxygenase encoded by supergene family,which is one of the largest gene families in plants.It is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of terpenoids,alkaloids and other secondary metabolites.In the process of terpene biosynthesis,CYP450 participates in the post-modification stage of terpenes by introducing functional groups such as hydroxyl,carboxyl and carbonyl,which plays an important role in enriching the diversity of terpenes.The CYP450 enzymes involved in sesquiterpene synthesis and their substrate catalytic specificity mechanisms have been partially investigated.In this paper,the biosynthetic pathway of plant sesquiterpenes,the structure and classification of CYP450 enzymes were briefly introduced,and the CYP450 enzymes involved in sesquiterpene biosynthesis were summarized,in order to provide a reference for intensive study of the role of CYP450 enzymes in the synthesis of sesquiterpenoids.