论违约方申请合同解除中解除时间的确定——兼评《民法典合同编通则解释》第59条

On the Determination of the Rescission Time in the Application for Rescission of Contract by the Breaching Party

最高人民法院在违约方申请合同解除中解除时间的规定上变化较大。整体而言,存在法院自由裁量说和确定日期说。从合同终止(解除)的功能目的、体系解释以及规则设计的内在逻辑看,确定日期说是能够实现效率、合乎规则体系以及任意性规则设计等更优的和理想的选择。自由裁量说虽然描述了法院的多数实际做法,但其原理内核仍然只能是确定日期说。这一分析能够为法院在违约方申请合同解除中解除时间点确定上的一般情况与例外情况提供更好的指引。

On the question of determining the termination date for the defaulting party to apply for the discharge of the contract,the view of the Supreme People's Court has changed greatly.Generally,there are the Specified Date Theory and the Courts'Discretionary Theory.From the perspective of the functional purpose of contract discharge(rescission),systematic interpretation,and the internal logic of rule design,the Specified Date Theory is a better and more ideal one for efficiency,compliance with the rule system,and default rule design.Although the Courts'Discretionary Theory presents most of the actual practice of the court,the core of its principle was still consistent with the Specified Date Theory.This analysis could provide better guidance for the court to determine the termination date when the breaching party applies for discharging of the contract.