数据产权刑法保护模式的构建

Construction of The Mode for Criminal Law Protection of Data Property Rights

数据产权是一种具有财产权属性的新型权利,该权利与虚拟财产权和知识产权具有明显差异。数据产权属于刑法保护的公法益范畴,其应归属于市场经济秩序法益之中。现行刑法有关财产犯罪、知识产权犯罪和数据犯罪的规定均无法实现对数据产权的全面保护。刑法对数据产权的保护应以促进数据流通为主要目标,且应当覆盖数据处理的各流程阶段。对侵犯数据产权行为进行刑法规制时,应对“未经同意”获取数据行为审慎入罪。应增设妨害数据流通管理秩序罪,对“情节严重的”妨害数据流通管理秩序行为予以刑法规制。

Data property rights are a new type of right with property rights attributes,which are significantly different from virtual property rights and intellectual property rights.Data property rights belong to the public legal interests protected by criminal law,and they should be included in the legal interests of the market economic order.The current criminal law's provisions on property crimes,intellectual property crimes and data crimes are unable to fully protect data property rights.The protection of data property rights in criminal law should be aimed at promoting data circulation and should cover all stages of data processing.When criminalizing infringement of data property rights,the act of obtaining data"without consent"should be carefully criminalized.The crime of obstructing the order of data circulation management should be added,and criminal laws should be imposed on"serious"behaviors that obstruct the order of data circulation management.