ChatGPT类生成式人工智能产品提供者之刑事责任

Criminal Liability of Providers of Generative Artificial Intelligence Products of the ChatGPT Class

ChatGPT类生成式人工智能产品数据处理不可控,提供者刑事责任不明确,将会引发刑事治理难题。在产品投入流通时,如果ChatGPT类生成式人工智能产品符合国家标准、行业标准,并不存在当前科学技术水平能够发现的缺陷,一般不宜追究产品提供者的刑事责任;在产品投入流通后,产品提供者应承担适度的安全管理义务。违反安全管理义务,有可能承担刑事责任。有限度追究产品提供者的刑事责任,既符合网络领域积极主义刑法观的趋势,也有利于实现鼓励科技创新和防范产品风险之间的平衡,还符合社会公众的期待。提倡“全面性考察”方案,用以限制产品提供者成立帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的范围。在具体贯彻“全面性考察”方案时,可以“超过半数规则”作为产品提供者主观“明知”的认定标准。

The uncontrollable data processing of ChatGPT type generative artificial intelligence products and unclear criminal responsibility of providers will lead to difficulties in criminal governance.When products are put into circulation,if ChatGPT type generative artificial intelligence products comply with national and industry standards,and there are no defects that can be detected by the current scientific and technological level,it is generally not appropriate to hold the product provider criminally responsible;After the product is put into circulation,the product provider should bear moderate safety management obligations.Violation of safety management obligations may result in criminal liability.Limited criminal accountability of product providers is not only in line with the trend of positive criminal law in the field of the internet,but also conducive to achieving a balance between encouraging technological innovation and preventing product risks,and also in line with the expectations of the public.Advocate for a"comprehensive investigation"plan to limit the scope of product providers'establishment of the crime of aiding information network criminal activities.When implementing the"comprehensive inspection"plan,the"over half rule"can be used as the subjective"knowing"recognition standard for product providers.