侵害商业秘密民刑交叉案件法律适用重难点研究

Research on the Key Difficulties in the Application of Laws in Civil-Criminal Intersection Cases Infringing on Trade Secrets

实现对商业秘密宽严相济的保护,需要澄清商业秘密民刑交叉的重难点问题。首先是实体问题:民事法与刑事法认定侵害行为成立时,原则上应对相关构成要件的内涵持一致理解,刑事法仅可在客观方面、主观方面作出一些限缩。民事法与刑事法认定侵害行为造成损害时,存在一定区别,需要从刑事法角度,独立考量民事法的规则是否能在刑事诉讼中适用,但在刑事诉讼能认定的损害,民事诉讼也能认定,是民事损害的底线。其次是程序问题:民事诉讼采用举证义务转移规则,刑事诉讼采用犯罪事实清楚,证据确实、充分规则,两者不相互排斥;“民刑并行”不存在根本性问题,反而可构建层次分明、作用不同的商业秘密保护体系,发挥民事诉讼与刑事诉讼各自优势。最后是在先裁判约束力上:就在先刑事裁判对在后民事诉讼的约束力,应区分刑事裁判的裁判主文、主要及定罪案件事实、主要及定罪案件事实所依赖的证据,形成具有梯度的约束力;就在先民事裁判对在后刑事诉讼的约束力,民事裁判对刑事诉讼的约束力较弱,刑事诉讼应按照刑事诉讼自身的法律标准,审查民事裁判所确定的案件事实、所依赖的证据是否应当采纳。

To achieve a balanced protection of trade secrets,it's essential to address the key challenges at the intersection of civil and criminal law regarding trade secrets.Firstly,on the substantive issues:when both civil and criminal laws determine that an infringement has occurred,they should,in principle,have a consistent understanding of the inherent meanings of the relevant elements.Criminal law can only make certain restrictions on both objective and subjective grounds.When civil and criminal laws determine the damages caused by an infringement,there are certain differences.It's necessary to evaluate from a criminal law perspective whether the rules of civil law are applicable in criminal proceedings.However,damages that can be determined in criminal proceedings can also be recognized in civil proceedings,which sets the baseline for civil damages.Secondly,on procedural issues:while civil litigation adopts a rule of shifting the burden of proof,criminal litigation requires clear facts of the crime and solid,sufficient evidence,and the two don't contradict each other.The concept of"concurrent civil and criminal proceedings"doesn't have fundamental problem.Instead,it can establish a clear hierarchical system for trade secret protection,leveraging the strengths of both civil and criminal litigations.Lastly,concerning the binding force of prior judgments:for the binding force of a prior criminal judgment on subsequent civil litigation,it's essential to differentiate between the main text of the criminal judgment,the primary facts of the convicted case,and the evidence upon which these facts rely,forming a tiered binding force.As for the binding force of a prior civil judgment on subsequent criminal litigation,the binding power of the civil judgment on the criminal procedure is weaker.The criminal litigation should review,based on its legal standards,whether the facts and evidence determined in the civil judgment should be adopted.