县域水资源均衡配置研究

Research on Balanced Allocation of Water Resources in County

以米易县为例,针对典型县域最严格水资源红线控制和自然-社会水循环系统特点,采用总体缺水率最小和分区空间均衡为目标函数,总量控制、供水能力、分质供水等为约束条件,并采用改进时间-空间两层精英策略的非支配遗传算法,构建分区独立供水和库群联调的通用水资源调度与配置(GWAS)模型,并进行参数率定与验证,得出相关系数R为0.85,Nash效率系数为0.73,区域水文模块模拟精度较好。方案模拟研究表明,无论是基准年还是规划年,相对于水库分区独立供水,考虑均衡系数的库群联调方案更具优势,分区供水综合缺水率差异更大,而库群联调中各乡镇缺水率大幅减少,缺水差异更小。库群联调方案的水资源配置公平性更好,空间上各单元间的水量分配配置满足度高,可基本实现在动态变化下的区域水资源供需平衡。

Taking Miyi County as a study case,according to the characteristics of the strictest red line control of water resources and the natural-social water circulation system in a typical county,the minimum overall water shortage rate and regional spatial equilibrium were adopted as the objective function,total quantity control,water supply capacity and different quality water supply are the constraint conditions,and a non-dominant genetic algorithm with improved time-space two-layer elite strategy was adopted.The general water resources dispatching and allocation(GWAS)model of regional independent water supply and reservoir group dispatching was constructed.And through parameter calibration and verification,it is concluded that the correlation coefficient R is 0.85 and the efficiency coefficient of Nash is 0.73,and the simulation accuracy of regional hydrology module is good.The scheme simulation shows that,no matter it is the base year or the planning year,compared with the independent water supply of reservoir divisions,the reservoir-group joint regulation scheme considering the equilibrium coefficient has more advantages,and the difference of comprehensive water shortage rate of regional water supply is greater,but in the joint regulation of reservoir groups,the water shortage rate of villages and towns is greatly reduced,and the difference of water shortage is even smaller.The fairness of water resource allocation in the reservoir-group joint regulation scheme is better,and the degree of satisfaction of water allocation and allocation among each unit in space is high,which can basically achieve the balance of regional water resources supply and demand under dynamic changes.