饲用油菜收获机切碎防堵系统的设计与试验

Design and experiments of a chopping and anti-blocking system for rapeseed forage harvesters

针对常规青饲料收获机在油菜切碎过程中营养流失严重、易堵塞等问题,设计一种适用于饲用油菜收获的切碎防堵系统,为探究该切碎防堵系统各参数对切碎性能和防堵性能的影响,以堆积处速度最大值、堆积处颗粒数量为防堵性能指标,选取侧刮板倾角、转速为试验因素设计正交旋转中心组合试验,并以切碎长度合格率、切碎均匀性、功耗为切碎性能指标,选取主轴转速和喂入量为试验因素设计响应曲面试验。试验结果表明:各参数对堆积处速度影响由大到小的因素依次为侧刮板角度、主轴转速,对堆积处颗粒数影响由大到小的因素依次为主轴转速、侧刮板角度,以堆积处速度最大、堆积处颗粒数量最小为原则,得到最优防堵性能的参数组合为侧刮板角度为11.9°,主轴转速为559 r/min,此时堆积处颗粒速度为13.6 m/s,堆积颗粒数为13个;各参数对切碎长度合格率和切碎均匀性影响由大到小的因素依次均为主轴转速、喂入量;对功耗影响由大到小的因素依次均为喂入量、主轴转速,以长度合格率和切碎均匀性最大,功耗最小值为原则,得到最优切碎性能的参数组合为主轴转速612 r/min,喂入量2 kg,此时长度合格率、切碎均匀性和功耗分别为87.6%、87.2%、1.0 kJ。上述研究及结果可为饲用油菜切碎机的研制提供参考。

In response to the issues of significant nutrient loss and blockage susceptibility in conventional forage harvesters during the process of chopping rapeseed,this paper presented the design of a chopping and anti-blocking system suitable for rapeseed forage harvesting.To explore the effects of various parameters of the chopping and anti-blocking system on anti-blockage performance and chopping performance,this study utilized the maximum velocity at accumulation point and the number of particles at accumulation point as anti-blockage performance indicators.An orthogonal rotation center combination experiment was conducted,considering the factors of side scraper plate angle and rotational speed.Furthermore,for the chopping performance indicators including the length qualification rate,chopping uniformity,and power consumption,response surface experiments are conducted with main shaft speed and feed rate as experimental factors.Experimental results demonstrate that the factors influencing the velocity at accumulation point,in descending order of significance,are the side scraper plate angle and the main shaft speed.The factors influencing the number of particles at accumulation point,in descending order of significance,are the main shaft speed and the side scraper plate angle.By selecting the minimum values of the maximum velocity at accumulation point and the number of particles at accumulation point as optimization objectives,the optimal combination of parameters for anti-blockage performance was obtained:side scraper plate angle of 11.9°and main shaft speed of 559 r/min,resulting in a particle velocity at accumulation point of 13.6 m/s and 13 particles at accumulation point.Regarding the effects on the length qualification rate,chopping uniformity,and power consumption,the factors in descending order of significance are the main shaft speed and the feed rate.By selecting the maximum values of the length qualification rate and chopping uniformity,and the minimum value of power consumption as optimization objectives,the optimal combination of parameters for chopping performance is determined as main shaft speed of 612 r/min and feed rate of 2 kg,resulting in a length qualification rate of 87.6%,chopping uniformity of 87.2%,and power consumption of 1.0 kJ.The above research and its results can serve as a references for the development of subsequent rapeseed forage choppers.