M. H.艾布拉姆斯论人文主义批评:多元视角与人文追求

M.H.Abrams View on Humanistic Criticism:Multiple Perspectives and Humanistic Pursuits

M. H.艾布拉姆斯是美国当代著名的人文主义批评家和浪漫主义研究大师,其代表作《镜与灯》和《自然的超自然主义》都是英美人文主义批评经典著作。学术界对于艾氏的人文主义批评实践已有丰富的研究成果,但对于他有关人文主义批评的思想观点却鲜有讨论。其实,艾氏一生不仅在批评实践中坚持人文主义批评传统,还在诸多批评文献中对人文主义批评的内涵、目的和方法进行了充分的论述和阐释。在他看来,文学是“人的世界”的产品,是用“灵活、微妙”的“人文话语”表达“人性关怀”,是人际交流的一种“媒介”。文学批评的目的是追求人文真实,人文追求是永无止境的,因而文学批评的方法必须是多元的。

M.H.Abrams is a famous contemporary American humanistic critic and master of Romantic studies.His representative works,The Mirror and the Lamp and Natural Supernaturalism,are considered to be the classics of Anglo-American humanistic criticism.Scholars have made abundant research achievements in his critical practice,while ignoring his theoretical contributions to humanistic criticism.As a matter of fact,Abrams discusses humanistic criticism in a number of works and essays which elaborate the essence,purpose and methods of humanistic criticism.According to Abrams,literature is the product of the“human world”,the communicative“intermediary”,expressing“human concern”with“flexible,nuanced”“humanistic discourse”.The purpose of literary criticism is“humanistic pursuits”,and as humanistic search for truth is always in process,multiple perspectives yield a vision in truth.