2020年山西省水源性高碘地区监测结果分析

Analysis of monitoring results in water-borne high iodine areas in Shanxi Province in 2020

目的掌握山西省水源性高碘危害现状及防治措施落实情况,为下一步防治工作提供科学依据。方法2020年,调查山西省4个市、12个水源性高碘县的所有高碘行政村居民饮用水碘含量和改水情况;在每个监测县按行政村水碘值排序,采用系统抽样方法,各抽取5个行政村作为监测村。在每个监测村所在地抽取1所小学的40名8~10岁非寄宿学生及20名孕妇,采集家中食用盐盐样和随机1次尿样检测盐碘、尿碘含量;并采用B超法进行儿童甲状腺检查。结果共调查297个高碘行政村的居民饮用水情况,其中改水村268个、未改水村29个,改水率为90.24%;水碘含量范围为0.33~803.75μg/L,水碘含量>100μg/L的村有159个。共检测居民家中食用盐盐样1926份,未加碘食盐率为62.20%(1198/1926);检测儿童尿样1704份、孕妇尿样222份,尿碘中位数分别为426.2、318.9μg/L;检查儿童甲状腺1690例,甲状腺肿大率为3.91%(66/1690),结节检出率为13.67%(231/1690)。结论山西省水源性高碘地区儿童碘营养处于过量水平,孕妇碘营养处于碘适宜量水平;应在高碘地区加大普及未加碘食盐和改水降碘等防治措施力度,及早控制水源性高碘危害。

Objective To investigate the current situation of water-borne high iodine hazards in Shanxi Province and the implementation of prevention and control measures,providing a scientific basis for prevention and control of the high iodine hazards in the future.Methods In 2020,a survey was conducted on iodine content of drinking water and water improvement situation in all high iodine administrative villages in 12 water-borne high iodine counties of 4 cities in Shanxi Province.In each monitoring county,five administrative villages were selected as monitoring villages using a systematic sampling method,sorted by the iodine content of the water in the administrative villages.Forty non-boarding students aged 8-10 from one primary school and 20 pregnant women were selected from each monitoring village.Household edible salt samples and one random urine sample were collected for salt iodine and urinary iodine content test.B-ultrasound method was used for thyroid examination in children.Results A total of 297 high iodine administrative villages were surveyed on the drinking water situation of residents,including 268 villages with improved water and 29 villages without improved water,with a water improvement rate of 90.24%.The range of water iodine was 0.33-803.75μg/L,and there were 159 villages with water iodine content>100μg/L.A total of 1926 samples of household edible salt were tested,and the rate of non iodized salt was 62.20%(1198/1926);1704 urine samples from children and 222 urine samples from pregnant women were tested,with median urinary iodine contents of 426.2 and 318.9μg/L,respectively.The 1690 cases of thyroid gland in children were examined,with a goiter rate of 3.91%(66/1690)and a nodule detection rate of 13.67%(231/1690).Conclusions Children's iodine nutrition in water-borne high iodine areas of Shanxi Province is at an iodine excess level,while pregnant women's iodine nutrition is at an iodine excess level.Efforts should be made to increase the popularization of non iodized salt and improve water quality to reduce iodine in areas with high iodine levels,in order to control the harm of high iodine in water sources as soon as possible.