老年人口腔自我保健健康信念问卷的编制及信效度检验

Development of a health belief scale on oral self-care for older adults:validity and reliability testing

目的编制老年人口腔自我保健健康信念问卷并检验其信效度。方法以健康信念模式为理论基础,通过文献回顾、半结构访谈构建条目池,通过专家函询、预调查形成初始问卷,便利抽样选取565名社区老年人进行问卷调查,检验信效度。结果老年人口腔自我保健健康信念问卷包括感知益处、感知障碍、感知严重性、感知易感性和感知自我效能5个维度共25个条目。探索性因子分析共提取5个公因子,累计方差贡献率为71.524%;验证性因子分析:χ2/df=2.766,IFI=0.929、CFI=0.928、TLI=0.917、PCFI=0.798、PNFI=0.768,RMESA=0.079。I-CVI为0.833~1.000,S-CVI/UA为0.920;问卷总体Cronbach′sα系数为0.959。结论老年人口腔自我保健健康信念问卷信效度良好,可用于老年人口腔自我保健健康信念测评。

Objective To develop a health belief scale for measuring oral self-care in older adults and to test its reliability and validity.Methods Based on the health belief model,the item pool was formed through literature review and semi-structured interviews,then expert consultation and pilot survey were performed to develop the initial version of the scale.At last,565 community-dwelling older adults were conveniently selected and surveyed to validate the scale.Results The scale included 5 dimensions named as perceived benefits,perceived barriers,perceived severity,perceived susceptibility and perceived self-efficacy,totaling 25 items.Five common factors were identified by exploratory factor analysis,accounting for 71.524%of the total variance.The results of confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the scale had a good model fit(χ2/df=2.766,IFI=0.929,CFI=0.928,TLI=0.917,PCFI=0.798,PNFI=0.768,RMESA=0.079).The item-level content validity index(CVI)ranged from 0.833 to 1.000,and the universal agreement scale-level CVI was 0.920.The overall Cronbach′sαcoefficient was 0.959.Conclusion The health belief scale on oral self-care for older adults has good reliability and validity,which can be used to measure health beliefs on oral self-care in the older population.