煤系共伴生矿产分区错时协调开采原理

Principle of spatial delineation and temporal stagger coordinated mining of coal series co associated minerals

我国煤系共伴生矿产种类多、储量丰富、与煤层叠置,赋存状态与开发方式差异大,各矿产开采的岩层活动和流体迁移等影响彼此正常开采。针对煤系共伴生矿产开采存在的问题,提出并阐明了煤系共伴生矿产分区错时协调开采理念及内涵。基于分区协调开采理念,将煤与共伴生矿产开采区域划分为煤矿优先开采区和共伴生矿产优先开采区,根据采动岩层活动及流体迁移规律留设协调开采保护区作为煤与共伴生矿产开采的缓冲区域,使煤与共伴生矿产开采活动在空间上相互避开,互不影响。基于错时协调开采理念,将资源叠置区煤与共伴生矿产的开采时序错开,根据矿产资源的战略需求属性、经济价值等建立共伴生叠置矿产的优先开采度,从而确定共伴生叠置矿产的开采时序。待优先开采的矿产开采结束,并且其开采引起的岩层活动趋于稳定或流体迁移在可控范围内,再开采采空区上方或下方的叠置矿产。通过合理划分共伴生叠置资源的开采时序,实现叠置矿产资源的综合开发。给出了煤与共伴生矿产分区错时协调开采的关键参数和确定原则,并通过煤铝分区错时协调开采相似模拟试验,系统阐述了煤铝分区错时协调开采过程及现象,分析了煤铝分区错时协调开采规律及参数合理性。提出了煤与共伴生矿产同步/异步分区错时相向开采、同步/异步分区错时逆向开采及同步/异步分区错时同向开采等成套分区错时协调开采工艺。

There are many types of associated minerals in coal series,with abundant reserves.They o⁃verlap with coal seams.Their occurrence states and development methods vary greatly.The rock forma⁃tion activities and fluid migration of each mineral mining affect the normal mining of each other.In view of the problems existing in the mining of co⁃associated minerals in coal systems,the concept and conno⁃tation of spatial delineation and temporal stagger coordinated mining of coal series co associated minerals were proposed and clarified.Based on the concept of spatial delineation coordinated mining,the mining area of coal and co⁃associated minerals was divided into coal priority mining areas and co⁃associated minerals priority mining areas.Meanwhile,a coordinated mining protection zone is set up according to the laws of mining rock formations activities and fluid migration as a buffer area for the mining of coal and associated minerals,so that the mining activities of coal and associated minerals can avoid each other in space and do not affect each other.Based on the concept of temporal stagger coordinated mining,the mining sequence of coal and co⁃associated minerals in resource overlapping areas is staggered.The prior⁃ity mining degree of co⁃associated overlapping minerals is established based on the strategic demand at⁃tributes and economic value of mineral resources,thereby determining the mining sequence of co⁃associ⁃ated overlapping minerals.After the mining of priority minerals is completed and the rock formation ac⁃tivity stabilizes or the fluid migration is within a controllable range,the overlapping minerals above or below the goaf can then be mined.By rationally dividing the mining sequence of co⁃associated overlap⁃ping resources,comprehensive development of overlapping mineral resources can be achieved.The key parameters and determination principles of the spatial delineation and temporal stagger coordinated mining of coal and associated mineral are given.Through similar simulation tests of spatial delineation and temporal stagger coordinated mining of coal and aluminum,the process and phenomenon of spatial delineation and temporal stagger coordinated mining of coal and aluminum are systematically explained,and the laws and parameter rationality of spatial delineation and temporal stagger coordinated mining of coal and aluminum were analyzed.A complete set of spatial delineation and temporal stagger mining technologies such as synchronous/asynchronous opposite direction mining,synchronous/asynchronous reverse direction mining,and synchronous/asynchronous same direction mining were proposed.