羊膜及其来源上皮干细胞在角膜再生医学中的研究进展

Advances of amniotic membrane and its derived epithelial stem cells in corneal regenerative medicine

角膜损伤是一类重要的致盲性眼病,严重影响患者的视觉效果和生活质量。羊膜位于胎盘的最内层,是围产期干细胞的重要来源。羊膜上皮干细胞(AESCs)具有多潜能性、低免疫原性、免疫调节和分泌多种生长因子等特性。在临床前研究中,可以直接进行羊膜移植,或将其作为干细胞载体,也可以利用羊膜提取物促进角膜的修复重建。此外,AESCs分化后移植,AESCs培养上清及外泌体对于眼表损伤修复也显示出良好的效果。在临床实践中,羊膜的主要应用是直接移植或搭载干细胞移植。本文就羊膜和AESCs的特性及其在角膜再生医学中的应用进行综述,为今后的研究奠定基础。

Corneal injury is an important category of blinding eye diseases,which seriously impairs patients'visual effect and life quality.Located in the innermost layer of the placenta,the amniotic membrane is a notable source of perinatal stem cells.Amniotic epithelial stem cells(AESCs)possess the characteristics of pluripotency,low immunogenicity,immune regulation,and secretion of multiple growth factors.In preclinical studies,amniotic membrane transplantation can be performed directly,or it can be used as a stem cell carrier,or amniotic membrane extract can be used to promote corneal repair.In addition,transplantation of AESCs after differentiation,culture supernatant and exosomes of AESCs also showed good effects on corneal injury repair.In clinical practice,the amniotic membrane is administrated through direct transplantation or transplantation with stem cells.This article reviews the characteristics of the amniotic membrane and AESCs and their application in corneal regenerative medicine to lay a foundation for future research.