人工智能在骨质疏松症诊疗中的应用进展

Advances in application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis

骨质疏松症是一种以低骨量和骨微结构退化为特点的代谢性疾病,从而导致骨折风险增加。骨质疏松性骨折通常发生在脊椎、髋关节、前臂远端和肱骨近端,但其他部位骨骼也可受累。尽管骨质疏松症的诊断是基于双能X射线吸收仪测量的骨密度(BMD)上,但多数发生骨质疏松性骨折患者的BMD尚未达到骨质疏松症的诊断标准。不管有无发生脆性骨折,骨质疏松症的诊断率仍然很低。此外,对于骨质疏松症的治疗时机、治疗对象和药物选择等诸多方面尚无标准指南。在此背景下,人工智能(AI)研发人员根据骨质疏松症的特点开发出多种算法,有望提高该疾病的诊疗水平。现就AI在骨质疏松症诊断和治疗中的最新应用进行简要概述。

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration leading to increased fracture risk.Typically,osteoporotic fractures occur at the spine,hip,distal forearm,and proximal humerus,but other skeletal sites may be affected as well.Although the diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on the bone mineral density(BMD)measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,the BMD of most patients with osteoporotic fractures has not yet reached the diagnostic criteria of osteoporosis.The diagnosis rate of osteoporosis remains low regardless of the presence or absence of fragility fractures.Also,there is only weak consensus among the major guidelines worldwide,when to treat,whom to treat,and which drug to use.Against this background,artificial intelligence(AI)researchers have developed a variety of algorithms according to the characteristics of osteoporosis,which is expected to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.This article briefly reviews the latest application of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.