轮作与施用生物有机肥对菠萝连作土壤微生物特性的影响

Effects of rotation and apply bio-organic fertilizer on soil microbial characteristics of pineapple under continuous cropping

通过田间试验,探讨轮作与施用生物有机肥对菠萝连作土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物群落的影响。结果表明:与菠萝连作处理相比,菠萝-甘蔗轮作和菠萝-甘蔗轮作配施生物有机肥处理的菠萝产量分别显著提高18.56%和39.07%;土壤pH值分别升高0.50和0.66,明显缓解土壤酸化;土壤硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质含量分别显著增加28.49%和57.67%、20.49%和39.77%、20.78%和45.23%、10.38%和23.10%;土壤微生物量碳含量较菠萝连作分别显著提高12.10%和29.56%,土壤微生物量氮含量分别显著提高17.99%和61.45%,而微生物量碳/微生物量氮值均降低。此外,轮作与轮作配施生物有机肥处理均显著增加了土壤细菌与放线菌数量,显著降低了真菌数量,并促进土壤微生物对碳源的利用;增强了土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶活性。本试验条件下,轮作与增施生物有机肥能够显著改善土壤酸化状况与土壤微生物群落结构,提高土壤肥力,以菠萝-甘蔗轮作配施生物有机肥处理效果最好。

Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of rotation and bio-organic fertilizer application on soil physiochemical properties,enzyme activities and microbial communities of pineapple under continuous cropping.The results showed that,compared with pineapple continuous cropping,the pineapple yield of pineapple-sugarcane rotation and pineapple-sugarcane rotation with bio-organic fertilizer application treatments significantly increased by 18.56%and 39.07%;the soil pH value increased by 0.50 and 0.66,which significantly alleviated soil acidification;the contents of soil nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,organic matter significantly increased by 28.49%and 57.67%,20.49%and 39.77%,20.78%and 45.23%,10.38%and 23.10%,respectively;the content of soil microbial biomass carbon significantly increased by 12.10%and 29.56%,and the content of soil microbial biomass nitrogen significantly increased by 17.99%and 61.45%,respectively,while the soil microbial biomass carbon/microbial biomass nitrogen value decreased.In addition,the quantity of soil bacteria and actinomycetes was significantly increased,while the quantity of fungi was significantly reduced,and the utilization of carbon source by soil microorganisms was enhanced,and the activities of soil sucrase,urease,acid phosphatase and catalase were increased in rotation and rotation with bio-organic fertilizer application treatments.Under the experimental conditions,rotation and bio-organic fertilizer application could weaken soil acidification,improve soil microbial community structure and enhance fertility,and the optimum results were observed in the rotation with bio-organic fertilizer treatment.